Will papier mache work without glue? Papier-mâché: easy and beautiful DIY crafts. Papier-mâché ball

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The production of papier-mâché products is usually carried out according to special samples - models. Various factory-made items can be used as such samples: teaching aids, models, toys, masks, household equipment, etc. In most cases, special models molded from clay,% plasticine are used to make papier-mâché crafts , paraffin and other plastic materials. Most often, clay is used to make models in papier-mâché work; a very common and cheap material. Stacks used in modeling clay models.

A model is made from clay according to a pre-prepared sketch or sample - an original, the shape of which they want to accurately reproduce in papier-mâché. To make a model, you need to take a solid lump of well-mixed clay that is sufficient in size in order to sculpt the entire model from it. In cases where the model must be large in size, and also when sculpting models that have separate, far protruding parts, a wire or wooden frame is embedded in a lump of clay taken for modeling.

1 It should be noted that papier-mâché is often completely incorrectly understood as all kinds of paper plastic masses, in which the paper is first crushed mechanically or boiled into individual fibers and, in a powdery or mushy state, mixed with adhesives and other fillers into a homogeneous plastic mass. This mass is used to fill molds and after drying it becomes hard and durable.
Usually the original is first sculpted from clay by hand and only after the general shape and relative position of the individual parts of the model are more or less accurately outlined, the details are worked out using stacks. Stacks are narrow spatulas of various shapes made of dense wood or metal.

During long breaks in sculpting a clay model, it must be wrapped in a wet rag, which should be kept damp at all times.

It is very convenient to sculpt small models in the “Skillful Hands” circle from plasticine - a special wax plastic mass. Before work, the plasticine should be kneaded well with your hands, and when sculpting models from it, use metal stacks, which should be slightly heated from time to time.

To make small models, paraffin is also used, from which each time a blank is first cast, roughly resembling the contours of the future model, then the model is finished using a knife and heated metal stacks.

Manufacturing of products according to mold models.

Depending on the purpose, size and circulation of the product, and often depending on the availability of the necessary materials, the technology for its manufacture from papier-mâché is chosen. If you need single copies, and their sizes are relatively large, then in many cases it makes no sense to spend time and materials on making special forms: the product can be glued directly from the clay model - the original. The model also serves as a form.

The model-mold is completely covered in one or two layers with pieces of moistened paper, which are pressed against the surface of the mold with a cloth or a piece of rubber sponge to ensure a tight fit and eliminate all air bubbles. Then the entire surface of the model is laid out layer by layer with small pieces of wet, loose paper, covered on one side with paste.

To prevent the clay from which the model-mold is made from getting wet when gluing it with paper, the surface of the model must be soaked in drying oil, any vegetable oil, or covered with a thin layer of a special paste, which is a solution of stearin in kerosene. The production of stearine-kerosene paste is described below.

It is convenient to use purchased plastic baths as mold models. Clay flower pots can serve as models and molds for making decorative flower pots from papier-mâché. Old papier-mâché toys are often used as molds for making similar homemade toys.

In order to prevent the listed model forms from gluing to papier-mâché, and also to prevent these models from deteriorating from the moisture contained in the clay, their surfaces are first coated with varnish, a thin layer of stearine-kerosene paste, vegetable oil or molten wax, paraffin or stearin . The first layer of moistened paper is laid out on the surface of the model-mold without lubrication with paste. After the papier-mâché layer applied to the model mold has dried so much that the product can be separated from the mold without fear of deformation, it is removed and dried well in a warm, but not hot, place.

With the method of making products described above, the papier-mâché layer is adjacent to the model, which serves as a form, with its reverse side. Therefore, the front surface of the product only approximately reproduces the original. In order for this reproduction to be as accurate as possible, it is necessary in the process of gluing individual layers of papier-mâché to strictly ensure that their overall thickness is the same throughout.

Manufacturing of products using frames, frames and blanks

In terms of technological methods, the method described above for making papier-mâché products using model forms is very reminiscent of the method often used in Skillful Hands circles, which boils down to pasting ten to twelve layers of paper onto a special cardboard frame. So, for example, when making a papier-mâché box, you can make a cardboard box of the desired size and cover it, layer by layer, with paper. After drying, using priming, puttying and sanding, the box is given the correct geometric shape, and it is painted or painted with oil paints, enamels or nitro paints.

Cardboard frames are also used in the manufacture of many three-dimensional geography models; This technique speeds up work and helps to save materials and significantly reduce the weight of the finished product. Figure 138 shows a model of a volcano made on a cardboard frame.

In cases where the product is large in size and has a complex configuration, gluing it from papier-mâché can be done using a frame made of any material suitable for this purpose: wooden blocks and slats, plywood, wire, cardboard, etc.* Such frames are usually made on special panels or boxes with low walls.

The production of various crafts from papier-mâché that have a strict geometric shape is carried out, as a rule, using blanks of the appropriate shape. Such blanks are made from dry, non-knotty wood. Their surface is well planed and painted with waterproof paint, nitro varnish or oil varnish.

When making a product from a blank, the latter is lubricated with oil or stearine-kerosene paste and wrapped in one or two layers of paper. Then, layer by layer, the blank is covered with paper and, having brought the papier-mâché layer to the required thickness, it is left to dry. The dried workpiece is removed from the blank, its surface is cleaned with a rasp and sandpaper, and further finishing is carried out. To make it easier to remove the product blank from the blank, it is useful to align the latter slightly “on a cone” and remove small chamfers along the edges of the blank.

Making molds

If, based on an existing original - a model made of clay, plasticine, paraffin, etc. - it is necessary to make several identical copies from papier-mâché and these copies must accurately reproduce the model, then molds are made from this model.

Molds are imprints of models in plaster, wax, paraffin, stearin and other materials, which are either melted by heating or sealed with water. Hardening as a result of cooling or chemical interaction with water, these substances reproduce in reverse the general shape and all elements of the surface of the model with sufficient accuracy.

To make molds, finely ground burnt gypsum of good quality is usually used. A good plaster is elastic and greasy to the touch, does not contain foreign inclusions or grains and does not stick to the fingers. When mixed with water until a solution as thick as sour cream is obtained, the gypsum forms a solution that well fills all the smallest details of the model’s surface. This solution quickly thickens, sets and hardens, forming a form that is relatively easy to separate from the model.

The advantages of gypsum as a material for molds also include the fact that after hardening it is quite strong, can be processed and glued well.

The mold for each papier-mâché product should be cast in accordance with its size and configuration. For flat products, such as, in particular, many geographical models, various bas-reliefs, cartouches, etc., molds are made that are open on one side. They are usually called simple or single-leaf forms. Such forms are slabs of one size or another made of gypsum, alabaster or other materials. On one side of each slab there is an exact imprint of the model - a mold for making a papier-mâché product.

Casting single-leaf forms from plaster or alabaster, if the models do not contain figured parts that could prevent the finished cast form from being removed from them, is relatively simple.

After the model is prepared for casting the mold, that is, it is lubricated with vegetable oil or a solution of stearin in kerosene, a gypsum solution is prepared. To do this, pour gypsum powder into a cup or bowl of water, distributing it evenly over the entire surface of the latter. Using a wooden spatula, without lifting it from the solution and avoiding shaking, which leads to the formation of air bubbles in it, quickly mix the solution.

Freshly prepared gypsum solution should resemble cream in thickness. If the solution turns out to be too liquid, you should immediately, with continuous stirring, add a little dry gypsum.

The prepared solution quickly thickens, and as soon as it begins to look like thick sour cream, it must be immediately used for casting a mold.

First, a thin continuous layer of gypsum mortar is applied to the model, carefully observing that no bubbles or voids form near the surface of the future form. Then quickly cover the entire surface of the model with a layer of solution at least 2.5-3 cm thick in the thinnest places. It is highly desirable that the back of the finished form is flat: when you subsequently use the form for work, it is more convenient to place it on the table.

The cast plaster mold is left to harden. The utensils used for mixing plaster must be thoroughly cleaned and washed immediately, since gypsum, in which the hardening process has begun, is difficult to remove from the surface of the utensils and tools. The solution prepared for molding should be completely used up each time, because the remaining plaster still has to be thrown away. For the same reason, it is necessary to prepare a gypsum solution for each mold separately. The finished plaster molds are dried well and completely covered with oil varnish or liquid wood glue - sizing. After repeated drying and each time before using forms for gluing papier-mâché products, the working surface of each form must be covered with a thin layer of stearine-kerosene grease, vegetable oil, or even better, a mixture of vegetable oil and a solution of laundry soap.

Compound Forms

When making some volumetric products from papier-mâché, composite, or, as they are also called, collapsible, folded or piece forms are often used. Depending on the complexity of the configuration of the models, such forms consist of two or more parts - leaves or pieces. When using composite forms, each sash is glued with a layer of papier-mâché separately, and after drying, all parts of the product are glued together into one whole.

When making each sash form, it is necessary, in accordance with the nature of the model and product, to outline the smallest number of sashes. In this case, the boundaries of the latter should pass on the model so that each flap is easily removed from the model, and individual parts of the product, after drying the papier-mâché layer, are easily separated from the corresponding flaps of the mold. It is advisable to mark the boundaries of the sashes so that the seams between the individual parts of the product can be made invisible during finishing. When manufacturing composite forms, it is necessary to take measures to ensure that the individual sashes match each other exactly.

Composite-shaped sashes are cast sequentially, one after another, and the gypsum solution is prepared each time in a volume sufficient to make the next sashes. During casting, each sash must be limited along the entire contour outlined on the model, either by the side surfaces of already cast sash, or by special temporary partitions made of tin, thin oiled cardboard and other materials.

If the model from which the sash mold needs to be made is made of hard material, then temporary partitions for casting individual sashes can be made of molded clay. To do this, a long sausage is prepared from clay dough by rolling it out on a board, and then a ribbon 10-12 mm thick is formed from it. Having cut off one side of this tape with a knife and slightly moistened the cut plane with water, encircle the model along the intended line with a clay wall. Thus, a closed contour is obtained for casting each sash.

Before casting the next sash, the surface of the corresponding section of the mold and the side surfaces of already cast adjacent sash and partitions are lubricated with grease.

As the simplest case of manufacturing a composite mold, we can point to the casting of a gypsum double-leaf mold using a small and relatively simple model made of some hard and durable material. The model, coated with grease, is simply pressed into a thick layer of well-kneaded clay dough. The clay near the model is leveled with a knife and around the entire model, at some distance from it, a roller is made - a wall of clay. The upper half of the model prepared in this way is filled with gypsum mortar.

When the plaster hardens, the model along with the cast mold is turned over and thoroughly cleaned of clay. The half of the model to be filled with plaster and the surface of the seam along which both flaps of the mold will be connected are covered with a thin layer of greasy lubricant, after which the second flap is cast.

After the plaster mold is completely cast, it is given the correct shape from the outside, if possible, by removing excess plaster on the doors with a knife. When the plaster has hardened well, the doors of the plaster mold are opened by inserting a knife blade into the cracks between them.

Gluing forms with paper

Depending on the size and configuration of the product, strips and pieces of paper of various sizes can be used for gluing forms. The more complex the relief and the smaller the product, the smaller pieces of paper have to be used to glue it. Pasting large cylindrical and prismatic blanks in the manufacture of homemade telescopes, periscopes, kaleidoscopes, pencil cases and other crafts is done with whole sheets of paper, the width of which corresponds to the length of the blanks.

It is most convenient to pre-cut paper for papier-mâché into strips 3-4 cm wide and 20-30 cm long. The strips are poured with hot water for several minutes and laid in a stack. When the excess water has drained and the paper has withered a little, it is used to layer papier-mâché, and, depending on the shape of the object, the strips are glued whole or torn into separate pieces when sticking. The first layer of moistened paper is laid out without lubrication with glue.

The forms are glued either from the middle to the edges, or from one edge to the other. Products are usually glued in at least 5-6 layers, and most often in 10-12 or more layers. To make the work go faster and the final thickness of the papier-mâché layer in the finished product to be uniform, it is recommended to use paper for gluing each next layer, which would be different in color or texture from the paper used for gluing the previous layer. For example, having glued the first layer of newsprint, you should use colored or smooth white paper for the next one, for the third layer you can again use newsprint or paper of a different color, etc. This simple technique allows the worker to avoid gaps and achieve a uniform thickness of the glued layer papier mache.

If the product has small bulges, then when gluing the mold, the depressions corresponding to these bulges are glued separately with several layers of paper and filled with small lumps of paper greased with glue, after which gluing of the mold is continued in the usual way.

When gluing individual flaps of a composite shape, a small excess layer of papier-mâché is created along their edges. After gluing is completed, this excess is folded inside the mold, flush with the edges of the sash, and glued to the inner surface of the papier-mâché layer. In this case, shoulders are formed.

After each part of the product has dried, a seam line is transferred from the mold sash to its edges along the entire contour using a pencil or knife. The part is carefully removed from the mold sash and finally dried. Then the edges of the manufactured part are leveled and cleaned with a rasp to the seam line outlined in the above manner. If higher precision in fitting individual parts of a papier-mâché product to each other is required, then the planes of the seams are sanded with glass paper.

If the seam between the individual parts of the product lies in the same plane, then it is convenient to smooth its surface on a sheet of glass paper laid face up on the table. In this case, the part of the product removed from the mold and dried is placed with the entire surface of the seam on sanding paper and ground until a good fit to the adjacent parts is ensured.

Drying of molded parts of papier-mâché products is carried out in a warm, dry room. Each product is dried first in the mold, then they are carefully removed from the molds and dried, hanging on ropes or laying out on boards.

Drying papier-mâché pieces too quickly at high temperatures usually results in warping, which makes the piece difficult to assemble and detracts from its overall appearance.

The dried and fitted parts of papier-mâché products are glued together with hot wood glue.

Finishing papier-mâché products

When the product is dried and its individual parts are glued together, all seams and flaws on its surface are puttied using a special wooden or steel spatula - a spatula or a simple knife - with glue or oil-adhesive putty. The puttied product is dried well again, the seams and unnecessary protrusions are cleaned with a knife or rasp, after which its entire surface is completely sanded with glass paper or a piece of pumice.

For continuous coatings, a thicker putty is prepared than for sealing individual flaws and seams.

To putty products made from papier-mâché, you can use putties of the following composition:

1. Adhesive putty

Sifted ground chalk, preferably drained.......... . ... 20 parts

Carpenter's glue................ 5 »

Drying agent................... 1 part

The chalk is mixed with water until a thick dough is obtained, a thick adhesive solution is added and, without ceasing to stir, heated. After a completely homogeneous slurry is obtained, add the drier and, stirring thoroughly, heat it up again.

It is advisable to use this putty before it cools down.

Prepare this putty in the same way as described above. Good results are obtained by adding a small amount of grated oil paint to these putties.

Oil varnish - until the putty reaches the desired thickness.

This putty dries quickly and is highly durable.

In order to make the surface of papier-mâché products stronger, and their color richer and brighter, as well as to reduce the consumption of paint and varnish during the final finishing of the products, the latter are pre-primed, that is, covered with a thin layer of primer.

2. Oil-adhesive putty

Sifted ground chalk

Carpenter's glue.....

Drying oils. . .......

8 parts 3 parts 1 part

3. Varnish putty

Ground sifted chalk, grated zinc white.

3 parts 1 part

The simplest and especially accessible primer for papier-mâché when working with children is a very thick starch paste, which is brewed in the usual way and consists of two parts potato starch and five to six parts water. If the paste does not brew due to lack of water, it is heated in a boiling water bath until the solution becomes thick, transparent and homogeneous. Starch primer is usually applied by hand.

An easy-to-make putty is obtained according to the following recipe:

wood tile adhesive........... 8 parts

water............"25"

sifted ground chalk until the soil is thick with sour cream.

To make this primer more durable, you can add to it:

drying oils......................... 1 part

oil varnish................1 »

ground zinc white............... 1 »

If the primer turns out to be so liquid that the layer applied to the surface of the product is visible, then chalk should be added to the primer. Add glue water to too thick primer.

Under the operating conditions of the “Skillful Hands” circle, a durable and waterproof casein primer of the following composition can be used. Ordinary cottage cheese made from skim milk is doused with boiling water, squeezed out in a clean cloth and dried in the oven. The resulting mass is ground in a mortar into powder, to which is added from two to five percent ammonia. To make the primer more elastic, add 1-2% glycerin to the mass, after which everything is diluted with drying oil to the consistency of sour cream and mixed well. It is useful to add a little grated zinc white to the resulting primer.

After the primer applied to the surface of the products has dried well, it is lightly sanded with fine-grained glass paper and painted.

For coloring and painting papier-mâché products made by children, oil paints are most often used, usually applied in two or even three layers. To paint masks, theatrical props, models and other papier-mâché products, purified turpentine is added to oil paints. An increase in the strength of the coating when finishing with oil paints can be achieved by adding to the paint (when applying the last
layer) of a small amount of light oil varnish.

Good ones, after which they knead the clay dough until it stops sticking to your hands and retains its shape well. When carrying out small-sized and important work, it is recommended to add raw vegetable oil to the clay.

Plasticine for making small models can be purchased at office supply stores, but it is not difficult to make it yourself using the following simple recipe:

natural wax............... 60 parts

melted pork lard. 40"

turpentine........ . . 100 "

mineral paint, dry, finely ground........... 30 »

potato starch............ 125 *

Wax, lard and turpentine are carefully melted over low heat in an enamel bowl. Little by little, with continuous

Many people are familiar with papier-mâché products from childhood. How often do children find themselves victims of “fake” fruits made from this material and carefully placed in vases in canteens, hotels, and boarding houses. It can be very difficult for parents to explain to their child that this beautiful apple is completely tasteless and serves as a kind of decoration. And this is just one particular example of the use of such accessible material.

How to make papier-mâché with your own hands?

This material consists of paste, wallpaper or other) and paper (absolutely any, from newspaper to toilet paper). And you can create home masterpieces from papier-mâché in two ways. The first involves obtaining a homogeneous mass by crumpling the paper and immersing it in glue. The second is pasting strips of newspaper (wallpaper, etc.) over the finished product (figurines, plates, cups, vases) to further create a unique design. Both the first and second methods involve subsequent coating of the resulting object with paint. In most cases, acrylic is used, but there may be other options, for example, gouache.

Papier-mâché technology

Many people remember how to make a homogeneous mass from glue and paper from childhood (in Soviet art schools, and sometimes in general education schools, they taught this art). Paper (for example, newspaper) should be torn into small pieces by hand and filled with water. If possible, boil it for half an hour over low heat. Otherwise, leave it to swell for an hour and a half. Then knead the mass thoroughly with your hands, trying to achieve maximum homogeneity. It is advisable to use medical gloves made of thin rubber, since both newspaper and glue have a negative effect on the skin. The resulting paper pulp is squeezed out. This can be done by hand or using a strainer. And then glue is gradually added to it, obtaining something similar to dough. As soon as the mass becomes obedient, it can be considered ready-made raw material for papier-mâché.

How to make a bracelet or beads?

Having received the material, you can begin to create the simplest product. Beginners who are encountering this technology for the first time are advised to start with something simple. These can be Christmas tree decorations made of papier-mâché (the ball is easiest to make), a bracelet or beads. In all of the above cases, a papier-mâché ball of the required size is first rolled out. Then, when a sufficient number of them have been made, through holes are made for the fishing line using a needle and left to dry. The final, most interesting stage of creating a decoration is its coloring. You can simply cover the beads with one color, or use a thin brush to paint flowers, stars, or some interesting ornament on them. It all depends on the skill and imagination of the author. After the paint has dried, they are strung on a fishing line and, depending on its length, you will get beads or a papier-mâché bracelet.

How to make a plate?

Usually, a different technology is used in the manufacture of dishes. You will need the same ingredients: glue, paper (newspaper and thin white paper, for example, tracing paper, in approximately equal quantities), as well as paints, but you will need to proceed in a different way. Additionally, you will need a ceramic plate, by sticking it around it, you get the same one from papier-mâché. How to do things like this? Very simple. First, the newspaper is torn into small squares (2x2 or 3x3 cm). It is not recommended to use scissors, since the uneven edges provide an imperceptible border between the fragments. Then do the same with white paper. Glue is poured into a saucer or other dish so that it is convenient to dip the pieces into. The plate must be greased with something greasy to make it easier to separate the finished product from it. And then a layer of newspaper pieces is glued onto it, dipping each of them in glue. This must be done so that they fit tightly to each other, forming a homogeneous surface. As soon as the entire plate is pasted over, white paper is applied on top using the same principle. Thus, alternating layers, they are applied from 8 to 10. After this, the plate should dry. As a rule, this takes about a day.

Another 4-5 layers of white paper are glued onto the dried surface so that the newspaper can no longer be seen through it. After another day, the ceramic plate is removed, and the finished product is covered with several more layers of white paper on the bottom side. After 24 hours, you can start painting, after which the craft is considered complete. If desired, the plate can be coated with a transparent varnish, which will make it stronger and the design more durable.

Papier-mâché masks

There is another popular souvenir made from this material. Masks are usually created from pieces of paper, but they can also be made from previously prepared mass. Their making is considered more difficult than making beads or plates. So it’s not worth starting work without any experience. If you plan to sculpt the mask from papier-mâché (how to make the substance itself is described above), then besides it and paints, nothing else is needed. In this case, you just need to give it the required shape with your hands. To make this easier, you can use a mannequin or apply papier-mâché directly to someone's face while the cream is applied. The finished mask is dried and painted with acrylic paints as desired. Particular attention should be paid to the eye holes. If necessary, you can finally correct them with a stationery knife after drying.

If you plan to use pieces of paper, then it is advisable to first fashion the base, for example from plasticine. It should be covered with pieces of paper, similar to a plate. It is better to remove the plasticine base after the mask has dried. So that it can be used for its intended purpose, and not just as a souvenir, small holes are made on both sides into which a ribbon or elastic band can later be inserted.

Papier-mâché figures

Such souvenir products are often found in specialized stores. But if you wish, you can create figurines of animals, mythical characters, dolls, flowers or fruits yourself. When it comes to small souvenirs, they are usually made from paper and glue. In the case of larger objects, a mock-up is first made, which is covered with pieces of paper on top. Animal figurines symbolizing the coming year are especially popular during the Christmas holidays. This is a dragon, snake or horse made of papier-mâché. Undoubtedly, to create such a creation, you need both talent and certain skills. After all, these are not simple balls or plates. But sometimes one desire is enough to build a funny (even if not very similar to the real) little animal and give it to a loved one. To make it more stable and strong, you can first make a wire frame. And only then cover it with paper pulp and decorate it.

How to store papier-mâché products?

It is well known that paper is a capricious material. It is easily destroyed by moisture, can change its properties from high or low temperature and direct sunlight, and is easily flammable. Knowing how to make papier-mâché (from paper in pieces or a mass mixed with glue), you should also understand how to properly store the products. Undoubtedly, the glue itself, the paints, and all kinds of frames used in the work make it somewhat stronger. But papier-mâché, like ordinary paper, is afraid of dampness. Therefore, products should be stored exclusively in a dry place. In this case, it is advisable to avoid extremely low and extremely high temperatures and open fire nearby. If stored properly, figurines, dishes and other figurines can delight the owner for many years.

How to make the material more durable?

Professionals who make figurines for sale try to make them as strong as possible and resistant to external factors. To do this, a rigid frame is first created from wire or other material. You can also add a little cement or gypsum to the mixture. The result will not be quite papier-mâché, but it will be a fairly durable and easy-to-use material. You just have to wear gloves when working with it.

Using technology for children's creativity

Preschool children and older children love to make things with their hands. This develops creativity and develops finger motor skills. As a rule, plasticine or clay is used as a material. But papier-mâché is no worse. After all, this is an absolutely natural, safe material (especially if it is made on the basis of paste), which children of any age will be happy to work with. Of course, it is better for one of the adults to prepare the mass itself. But everyone can sculpt it together: from the little ones to high school students.

Those who have never worked in this technique, but want to try themselves in this direction, need to understand some of the nuances. Firstly, regarding materials. The paper from which papier-mâché is made can be any kind, but it is highly desirable that it soaks well. It is best to use natural glue (paste or PVA) so that both the mass itself and the product made from it are non-toxic. It is best to coat the finished product with acrylic paints, as they are the most durable. If we are talking about children's creativity, it is better to take gouache. To make a figurine or other structure stronger, a wire frame should be used. I fix the gouache on the surface with varnish.

And you should never be upset if you don’t get complex shapes the first time. It’s better to start with something simpler, and with time and experience everything will come out: dolls, animals, and other figures.

In contact with

Crafts made from papier-mâché are widely popular. This is with success of different ages and adults. There is nothing surprising.

From papier-mâché you can make simple ones for the holiday or, but you can also create real masterpieces that you won’t be ashamed of.

Features of the material

Papier-mâché is a mixture of paper pulp and adhesive. Any crushed one can serve as a base (filler). It is considered one of the most technologically advanced materials, because... it dissolves well in water, forming a homogeneous mass.

Papier-mâché is a mixture of paper pulp and adhesive

The binding agent is the adhesive. The most common options are:

1. Regular office glue or . It is most suitable for simple crafts performed by children of primary preschool age.
2. Wallpaper glue. Easy to prepare, which ensures wide application.
3. Paste. You can prepare it yourself by dissolving starch in boiling water while stirring.

To impart certain properties to the mixture, other components are additionally introduced. The plasticity of the mass is given by vegetable oil and. To give strength to the crafts after hardening, gypsum, alabaster or putty is added to the raw material.

Attention! Each master has his own secrets for preparing papier-mâché and adjusts the recipe experimentally in his own way.

The technology for making papier-mâché crafts includes several stages:

1. Preparation of starting material.
2. Forming the foundation. Several options can be used. - the mass is laid out on a flat surface in the form. Thin-walled - a complex shape is covered with a thick mixture, and the mass repeats all the depressions and bulges. A typical example is masks. Volumetric figures - they are formed on a frame or by analogy with plasticine. So you can make and.
3. Hardening of the craft in natural conditions. The process can take several days, during which the product must be left at rest.
4. Coloring. After the figurine has completely hardened, its final painting is carried out, with all the details drawn. The best option is . Volumetric coloring is achieved by adding the required dye (pigments, gouache) to the prepared raw materials. Often the figures are coated with varnish (colorless or with a tinting effect).

Papier-mâché is a fairly pliable material. Depending on the consistency, it can fill and repeat the most.

Idea! From it you can make decorative dishes, vases, boxes, figurines, various masks and decorative elements in different styles with your own hands. The master's imagination is not limited.

Papier-mâché is a fairly pliable material. Depending on its consistency, it can fill and repeat the most complex shapes

Where to start

The inflated ball is pasted over with paper pieces, and after the workpiece has hardened, it is pierced and carefully removed out. After coloring, you get a funny Kolobok.

Another simple craft - “Kolobok”

Crafts for the New Year

New Year's crafts made from papier-mâché can replace Christmas tree decorations and decorate the room. can be made using the machining technique.

For such toys, you can take any base - rubber, plastic balls. Paper pieces are glued on top, painted and varnished. The papier-mâché surface can be decorated with sparkles or small colorful pictures.

New Year's crafts made from papier-mâché can replace Christmas tree decorations and decorate the room

To make three-dimensional figurines-decorations, a mixture is prepared. It is best to use toilet paper. A fairly plastic mass can be obtained by dissolving 1 roll of paper in 700-750 ml of water.

After obtaining a homogeneous mass, squeeze out the water and add a binder (PVA glue, wallpaper glue or paste). The mixture should resemble thick sour cream in consistency. You can make figures using children's sand molds. The mass is poured into them, and after hardening it is carefully removed and painted.

Beautiful toys can be made using the mashing technique

Features of making dolls

There are many options for making a papier-mâché doll, from very simple children's crafts to original artistic creations.

The mass is prepared on the basis of loose paper - toilet paper, napkins, egg containers, etc. PVA glue, wallpaper glue or paste is used as an adhesive composition. The consistency of the mass should correspond to soft plasticine.

There are many options for making a papier-mâché doll, from very simple children's crafts to original artistic creations.

A simple doll is made in the following order:

1. A mold for the head is molded from plasticine. It is then covered with a thin layer of paper pulp. After it hardens, you need to make an incision through which to remove the plasticine. The final thickness of the workpiece is formed by adding the required amount of mass. The thickness should be 5-6 mm. The eye sockets, nose, mouth, and ears are formed.
2. A wire frame is assembled for the body. The prepared mass is applied to it with the simultaneous formation of the neck, arms and legs.
3. Connecting the body to the head using PVA glue.
4. The doll's outfit is sewn from fabric of the desired color.
5. The entire doll is painted with white acrylic paint. You can add a slight peach tint. Facial features are drawn.
6. The hair is made from floss or woolen threads. They are glued to the head and a hairstyle is formed.
7. Clothes are put on and secured.

You can also make a complex doll with movable elements from papier-mâché (jointed doll). This craft can be done by an experienced craftsman.

It is assembled according to pre-prepared drawings. The composition includes the following ingredients: toilet paper, PVA glue, gypsum-based putty, liquid detergent.

You can also make a complex doll with movable elements from papier-mâché (jointed doll)

The mass is prepared as follows. The paper is dissolved in hot water (55-65 degrees) for 5-6 hours; it is better to use a mixer for mixing. After obtaining a homogeneous mass, the water is squeezed out through gauze, glue and detergent are added (1 tbsp per 1 liter of mixture). The last thing to add to the mixture is putty (120-140 g/l).

All elements of the doll are molded from papier-mâché separately. To movably connect them together, a strong, tight elastic band or screw connection is used. In the latter case, a screw is inserted into one of the parts, and a nut is inserted into the adjacent element. The joint surfaces must be well machined to ensure a tight fit.

Steampunk technique

Recently, steampunk figures have come into fashion. In essence, this is a fantastic allegory with the transfer of ancient and outlandish elements.

In such figures, originality and irony are especially valued. The jumble of constituent elements may be the most unexpected, but they should create a unified impression.

Steampunk figurines have come into fashion lately.

As an example of a steampunk craft, consider making a fantastic Fish.

The materials used are papier-mâché, foam plastic panel, cardboard, hardboard sheets, leatherette, nails for upholstery, various small gears, and all kinds of spare parts for household appliances.

As an example of a steampunk craft, consider making a fantastic Fish

The base of the Fish is made of a foam plastic panel 1-1.5 cm thick. One longitudinal and several transverse corrugated cardboard ribs are placed on it. The entire base is covered with papier-mâché with the consistency of soft plasticine.

The fins are cut out of hardboard using a jigsaw according to a cardboard pattern and attached to papier-mâché. The scales can be formed from curtain rings and leatherette. Various mechanical parts are installed on top. Here you need to show your imagination, because... no specific order is provided.

It is important that the fish looks like a mechanized monster

It is important that the fish looks like a mechanized monster. Seashells are hung for decoration. You can sprinkle the figure with sand. Then the workpiece is primed to create a brown background, and some details are highlighted with golden acrylic paint. Finally, the Fish is coated with varnish in 3-4 layers. The length of this craft is 85-100 cm.

Making masks

Some of the most impressive papier-mâché crafts are African masks. Such handmade creations can decorate the interior of any apartment. Their size is 35-37 cm in height, 21-24 cm in width.

The mass is prepared on the basis of toilet paper. One mask will require 2 rolls. The paper is dissolved in hot water, and then mixed with PVA glue (420-440 g), and you need to take thick glue for construction work. To add plasticity, linseed oil (3 tbsp) is added. When mixing the mixture, it is advisable to use a mixer.

Some of the most impressive papier-mâché crafts are masks.

A spherical PVC food tray works well for the shape. Its configuration resembles a mask. A layer of pape-mâché is applied to this form. The main details are laid out separately - nose, eyebrows, lips. Eyes are formed.

Smoothing is provided by the fingers, as well as a stack and a knife. It will take 12-14 days for the craft to completely harden. Then the mask is puttyed with a thin layer and sanded after the putty has dried. The surface must be perfectly smooth.

Such handmade creations can decorate the interior of any apartment.

The mask is dyed in a special mode. First, a primer is applied, and then the entire front surface is painted with white acrylic paint. The next step is to apply black paint on top.

After drying, pearl enamel is applied to the desired places using a sponge. The final operation is coating with acrylic varnish. You can use glossy or matte varnish. The photo shows examples of crafts.

The photo shows examples of crafts.

In addition to the indicated colors, African masks can be painted in other colors. Elements of red, yellow and blue are often used. The craft will also be decorated with special details - piercings.

Papier-mâché is rightly considered an excellent material for various crafts. Even small children can make simple products. For teenagers and adults, such creativity develops into a hobby. Their creations can decorate the interior of any apartment.

In the previous lesson we told you, how to make a papier mache mask with your own hands . Today we will talk in detail about how to make papier mache- that is, the mass from which we will sculpt our original crafts .
Papier mache translated from French means “chewed paper.” It's a mixture made of cardboard or paper and an adhesive element (starch, gypsum). Masks, toys, boxes, jewelry and even pieces of furniture can be created from papier-mâché.

Prepare your workplace: cover a large, spacious table with oilcloth (which you don’t mind throwing away) or newspapers. You should have a piece of dry cloth on hand to wipe your palms from glue. before going into detail about how to make papier mache with your own hands and about what materials and tools will be required for the work, let’s touch a little on the issue of crafts making techniques and some nuances.
With the help of technology , plates, elements for interior design and much more. It is most interesting for children aged 5-10 years to participate in this process. The child’s mood rises, his fingers develop, and his aesthetic perception develops. Making work from papier-mâché does not involve complicated steps: you need to cover the selected shape with several balls of non-rigid paper. You will have to be persevering and spend some time to turn your plans into reality.

Decide right away whether the form will remain inside the craft or whether you plan to take it out. In the first case, the form is lubricated with adhesive, in the second - with Vaseline, and the first layer of paper is placed on top.
Paper (newspaper) can only be torn by hand; cutting it with scissors is unacceptable. The first paper layer of papier mache should completely cover the shape of the papier mache craft. Then it is lubricated with glue and the next layer is applied. It is better to take paper of a different color for each layer, so as not to get confused about how many balls are glued. While maintaining the order of actions, the form you need cover with several layers of paper.

How to make papier mache crafts step by step? Tear paper or newspaper into smaller pieces , the longer you have to work. Large elements should be dipped in glue (to get wet) and then placed on the mold. They can create folds that must be straightened out immediately with your fingers. We do not apply glue to the mold.

There is a technology to perform papier mache made of paper consistency. Here you can let your imagination run wild and paste over, for example, a balloon.

Choosing an adhesive for papier mache mass:
For papier-mâché, the ideal option is wallpaper glue. Dilute it following the instructions on the package.
In the absence of one, cook the paste.
We dilute the starch in slightly warm water and stir until the consistency becomes similar to sour cream. Remembering to stir constantly, add boiling water until the substance becomes transparent and thick like jelly. Let the finished paste cool. The liquid does not retain its qualities for a long time; it must be boiled again for each product.

Next, we will tell you in detail about how to make papier mache at home with your own hands. Prepare a special mixture to create amazing crafts or fancy masks are very easy! You will learn how to prepare a workbench and what materials and tools will be needed for the work, and you will also be able to learn manufacturing techniques DIY papier mache products. Making crafts from different materials is a fascinating and useful activity, and it is advisable to involve a child in the process of making crafts from a very early age (for starters, you can introduce a small child to the properties of paper and plasticine, and when the baby grows up, you can teach him to make crafts from natural materials, clay, plastic, foil, thread, etc.)

Now you can make original crafts with your own hands from such a wonderful material as papier mache. Using papier mache you can make a product of the most bizarre shape and paint it in the brightest colors! Such the craft will be a wonderful gift for any significant event for your friends and acquaintances - be it New Year, Valentine's Day or Birthday.

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A cheap and durable material from which you can create any three-dimensional compositions at home is papier-mâché. In French, papier means “paper” and mache means “ground, chewed, compressed.” The literal translation accurately conveys the technology used to create the material.

The sculpture is created in two ways: increasing volume or cutting off volume. To increase the volume, you need to successively add layers of paper soaked in glue. To cut off the volume, you first need to form a shape from a viscous and plastic mass, into which paper turns when mixed with water and glue.

What paper is suitable for making papier-mâché with your own hands?:

• Soft multi-ply or single-ply paper. Napkins, toilet paper, paper towels. The softer the cellulose fibers, the faster they absorb water and glue.
• Plain printer paper. It takes a long time to absorb water, but if there is no other option, this one will do.
• Notebook sheets, writing paper, notepads, watercolor paper. You can use any cellulose-based material, even cardboard. Thick and glossy sheets are poorly saturated with water, so you first need to compress the paper so that it becomes softer.
• Newspaper. This is an ideal option, since the newspaper sheet is quite durable, and at the same time soft. How many layers of newspaper you need to apply depends on the size of the product.

Before starting the process, you need to decide what technique the product will be created in.:

1. Machining. The technique involves gluing a rigid frame shape. For the form you can use: foil, bottle, jar, wooden block, any product that serves as a support for the final composition.
2. Modeling. Three-dimensional figures can be formed from papier-mâché in the same way as from clay or sculptural plasticine. An important point is drying; it will not be possible to dry such a product quickly. It is more profitable to first create a frame and dry it, and then add volume using additional layers of paper. For modeling, a viscous mixture of cellulose and glue is created, which becomes hard when hardened. After sculpting, hands should be washed immediately with warm water and soap, then the glue will be washed off.

Before realizing your idea, you need to make a sketch and decide how to make papier-mâché: by modeling or mashing. A sketch will help you avoid mistakes, determine the technique and work out the image in detail.

The sketch can be approximate, not detailed. It is important to indicate the proportions and approximate dimensions of the product.

Machining: master class

Masching is a meditative activity that takes place in stages and sequentially. Haste can ruin the product, so you should prepare yourself for measured work.

Master class on working with papier-mâché (video)

MK using this papier-mâché technique:

1. Prepare paper cut into small pieces in advance. Some crafters claim that torn paper is better than cut paper, but it's really a matter of personal preference. To strengthen it, you can use a bandage; it also needs to be cut. It is convenient when the paper is of different colors. For example, if you take a newspaper, then layers with text will alternate with layers on which bright advertisements are printed. The difference in color will help you figure out where you need to add the next layer and where it already exists.
2. Prepare a sufficient amount of PVA glue. The glue can be diluted with tap water, then it penetrates the paper faster. The maximum dilution ratio is 3 parts glue to 1 part water; the more water used, the looser the product becomes. Too much water will cause the sculpture to “float” and lose its shape. For detailed and thin products, undiluted glue is better. In addition to PVA, you can use wallpaper glue or homemade paste. The instructions for the glue contain information about its toxicity; you need to choose an environmentally friendly glue without a strong odor, because it will take a long time to glue.
3. For the paste you need starch and boiling water. Pour starch into a cup, add boiling water and stir until the consistency is uniform. The thickness of the paste should resemble sour cream. After finishing the work, the paste must be immediately washed off from the cup, after hardening, this will be problematic.
4. If the frame form then needs to be removed from the finished product, you need to lubricate its surface with vegetable oil, Vaseline or any greasy substance to prevent the mass of paper from sticking to the frame.
5. If you do not plan to remove the mold, it can be covered with PVA or paste. After the preparation of consumables is completed, you can begin creating the sculpture.

The technique for performing the work is very simple, it is easy to do it yourself if you have patience. The paper is applied layer by layer, the glue is distributed with a large brush. You need to dry the layers either until dry or semi-dry.

How to quickly dry papier-mâché: options

After completing the volume expansion, the product should be left for 2 days. It will not dry quickly at room temperature.

How can I speed up the process?:

• Place the product in the oven at 50-100 degrees;
• Use a heater, battery or heat gun.

Some craftsmen claim that the product may crack when heated. This is not true. To test from personal experience how a sculpture reacts to temperature, you can make a very small piece and place it in the oven. If the glue composition tolerates heat well, then dry it in the oven. If any defects arise, dry most of the work at room temperature.

How to make papier-mâché smooth after drying:

• Smooth out unevenness using sandpaper or sandpaper;
• Sand the surface with fine sandpaper;
• Cover with acrylic artistic or construction primer;
• Apply paint, varnish, mosaic or decoration.

If you make a large and simple figure from papier-mâché with your own hands, for example, a stump for a summer house, coarse sandpaper is used to speed up the process.

If the figure is small and detailed, for example flowers or fruits, you should immediately use fine sandpaper.

How to remove papier-mâché from a mold

If the sculpture needs to be separated from the frame form, you need to lubricate the form with Vaseline or any greasy cream before gluing. Conventional cling film is also used to process the mold. It is wrapped tightly around the frame so that there is no air gap left. Then the papier-mâché is removed along with the film.

The adhesive tape resists glue well; the smooth texture of the adhesive tape will protect the form from adhesion to papier-mâché. Taping is done in pieces, without gaps.

Papier-mâché: how to make it using the modeling method

The machining technique makes it possible to create thin and durable things. If the work is more complete, without small details, it is more profitable to use modeling.

To prepare the mixture for modeling, you will need:

• Basin, cup, bucket, any container of suitable size that you have at home;
• Mixer or drill with an attachment for mixing paint;
• Sieve or mosquito net.

To make the mixture durable, wallpaper glue or PVA glue is added to it. To make the mixture plastic, you need to prepare a paste.

For paste:

• Pour boiling water over the flour, 1 part flour to 3 parts water;
• Bring to a boil, stirring;
• Break up the lumps, give a uniform consistency;
• Cool and add to mixture.

You can use starch paste.

Making a sculpture from a modeling mixture:

1. Pour small pieces of paper into a basin;
2. Add warm water and paste;
3. Add glue and beat until smooth using a mixer or drill with a paint stirring attachment;
4. Let it brew for 2-3 hours;
5. Stir again;
6. Let it brew for 2-3 hours;
7. Squeeze out the water, if there is excess, pass the remaining mass through a sieve or mosquito net to separate large pieces;
8. Sculpt.

The mass must be flexible enough to hold its shape. You can dry it at room temperature, and if it doesn’t crack, then in the oven at 50-100 degrees.

Working with papier-mâché at home

High-quality drying and compliance with proportions are a necessary condition for obtaining beautiful and neat work. During drying, the product should not be moved, touched or poked with sharp objects to check readiness. Wet papier-mâché should not be dropped or squeezed. Drying should be done in rooms where children and pets do not run around, which could accidentally damage the product.

In order to be able to transfer the sculpture from the desktop to where it will dry, you need to immediately create it on glass, a tray or a board.

If, by an unfortunate accident, some part of the papier-mâché has separated or the product has broken, you should dry everything until ready, then glue and sand the defects at the joint. You can increase the volume and restore a sculpture that has been injured.

What can be made from papier-mâché

The material has a wide range of applications and is used to create any round or flat sculpture, high relief or bas-relief, and stucco decorations.

Application of papier-mâché:

• Wall decor with stucco;
• Costumes for children's parties, helmets, swords;
• Masks on the walls;
• Round vases, three-dimensional flowers, figures of people and animals;
• Interior decorations, decorative plates, bottles.

Flowerpots made of papier-mâché (video)

After the product has dried, it is sanded, primed, and then coated with acrylic. Acrylic is the best paint for papier-mâché, which creates a protective film.

You can finish the job by applying glossy or matte acrylic varnish, with a brush or spray can.

Papier-mâché technique (photo)