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Your baby will soon go to kindergarten, so you need to check: is he ready? At 2 years and 8 months, the baby can easily perform simple actions on his own. He has already learned to eat, wash and dress on his own. His mental development proceeds quickly: he learns by copying everything from adults. Of course, this is still not enough to leave him alone in kindergarten for the whole day.. Talk to your baby more: it develops speech well.

The baby now needs your care and attention. He has grown a lot, but in reality he is still very dependent on his mother. Proper nutrition will help him develop faster. Now you need to eat well - include fish and lean beef in your diet. After an active day, a good rest is necessary. It is best for a child to sleep at least 10 hours at night, and take a short break of 1-2.5 hours during the day. He will soon be 3 years old - it will be time to go to kindergarten. Prepare your baby for this important moment to make the adaptation period easier.

Proper care

In order for a child to develop properly, it is necessary to properly care for the baby. Of course, this is no longer a baby who needs help every minute. But he also needs proper hygiene, normal sleep and nutrition..

Hygiene

The child is active, spends a lot of time running, playing on the floor, and goes outside. There is nothing complicated here: the hygiene of a child of 2 years and 8 months is no longer different from the hygiene of an adult.

It is best if you only help the child, and he does all the procedures himself. Show him how things are done, tell him and control. Now it is important that the baby learns to do everything independently and without reminders.. He'll be going to kindergarten soon, which means he'll have to do his own toileting.

Wash children's clothes, especially underwear, with soap or baby washing machine powder. Wash on high temperature. Previously, there was an opinion that everything had to be ironed, but after a good machine wash the effect is the same, and it takes much less time.

Nutrition

After 2 years, a child’s diet is much more varied than before. He eats porridge, boiled meat, fish and chicken. Children definitely need dairy products: cottage cheese, sour cream, milk, fermented baked milk, kefir. They are rich:

The child also needs fresh fruits and vegetables. Try to have a hearty breakfast and a lighter lunch and dinner. Before bed, you can give a piece of fruit (but not citrus) or a glass of kefir. This gives a feeling of fullness, but not heaviness. This makes it easier to fall asleep and your baby won’t have a stomach ache.. It is best to introduce any new foods gradually so that your body gets used to them.

Rest

At this age, babies need enough rest. Active physical development is underway, children run and play a lot. Mental development is also underway: the child learns and remembers. This is all great, but you also need to think about rest.

Baby should
sleep at least 10 hours at night, and also need daytime sleep - 2-2.5 hours. Usually, after playing, the child falls asleep during the day on his own. Sleeping for 2 hours is great, waking up rested after 1.5 hours is also great. His body itself balances the load and the necessary rest..

Children at 2 years and 8 months still have difficulty falling asleep in the evening, they are capricious. What parents can do:

• do not scold the baby for this;
• sit with him for 10-15 minutes, sing a song or tell him a story;
• gently stroke his head or back - this will help him fall asleep faster;
• leave a night light for him so he won't be scared;
• the baby’s room or the place where he sleeps should be cozy;
• the room should be quiet and dark (only a small night light is allowed, preferably with a dim, matte light).

So much for the little one
it's easier to fall asleep. At this age, children still wake up at night. Again, you cannot scold for this, even if the child woke you up. Spend a little time with your baby, you can even lie down with him. But not for long, and don't encourage this behavior. If the baby is scared, then be sure to discuss what exactly was scary. Dark? Monsters? Scary sounds from the street? Everything can be explained.

Physical development

Children are developing quickly these days. And they grow quickly too, so new clothes will be needed regularly.

Height and weight standards

At 2 years and 8 months, girls and boys already differ in weight and height:

This difference will remain until 7-8 years. After this, girls gain weight faster than boys. This is due to the fact that girls begin puberty earlier.

Parents need to remember: these are averages.. The baby may be slightly heavier or taller than normal for gender and age. There is nothing to worry about if the difference is minimal. He can gain the missing couple of centimeters very fast, in just a couple of months.

Games

The following educational games are suitable for ages 2 years 8 months:

• teaching counting and letters;
• development of fine motor skills;
• outdoor games.

Try to stimulate speech while playing. Ask questions, invite your child to speak for one of the characters.

After 2.5 years, children usually prefer to play on their own or with peers. Games with parents are no longer so interesting for them. In kindergarten, teachers give children the necessary tips and guide the game process in the right, developmental direction.

At home you can keep your child busy with simple games:

If a child has enough toys and likes them, then independent play is not a problem at this age. The baby can spend 1-1.5 hours in the room, engrossed in his play.

Mental development

The child is growing up before our eyes. In fact, he gains experience every day by watching his parents, brothers and sisters, other children, educators. It has a huge scope for learning even during your simple walk in the park.

Aged
For 2 years and 8 months, the active development of the child’s personality continues. He already feels that he can do a lot on his own and is not as dependent on his mother as before. Of course, for now we are talking about the simplest actions:

• self-hygiene (washing your face, brushing your teeth);
• The baby can dress and undress himself;
• confidently uses a spoon, cup;
• can open and close the box, bottle, cabinet doors;
• can even use the TV remote if he has been shown how to do it.

The so-called three-year crisis is just around the corner. It is worth preparing, because the baby is growing, his opinion about himself and his own capabilities is changing. Now it is impossible to suppress his cognitive interest. It's better to point him in the right direction. Parents should also take into account that they will soon have to send their baby to kindergarten. To do this, he must be able to do at least the above things.

Speech

The child’s memory develops, which means that the vocabulary increases. Now he can already remember a short poem or
song.

The child perceives many words by ear - this can be seen when he recites a memorized phrase or poem. He pronounces the word as he hears it. At this moment, parents need to tactfully correct mistakes. By the age of 2 years and 8 months, your baby understands many more words than he can speak. He will easily find the object you name and bring it to you, but he will not always be able to immediately say what it is called.

Communication

A child’s vocabulary is replenished provided that parents read to him and talk to him. It is also important that the baby has someone to communicate with. Not going to kindergarten yet? Walk where other children are. Now it’s very easy for them to get to know each other and start playing together. During the game, new words and concepts will certainly appear. It's also a good workout.
dating skill. If your baby is shy, help him: act out scenes at home, in which you need to get to know each other.

Communication with peers gives much more than with relatives. Rather, he learns with his parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles and applies skills with other children. It is very important to watch your words here. A 2 year 8 month old baby doesn’t understand the meaning of many words, but he remembers them well. To avoid having to blush in front of other parents on the playground, just watch how you communicate at home.

Preparing for kindergarten

It is no secret that at 3 years old children are sent to kindergarten. Of course, some mothers are against this. After all, he’s still small, he doesn’t know how to do anything, he doesn’t speak well, and in general, he’s much better at home. This is not quite the right approach. At home with your mother you cannot get the necessary experience that is required for a child. His mental development will be better in kindergarten.

This is his first time here You can feel truly independent. There are other children, joint games, and a lot of decisions need to be made. This stimulates thinking, speech, imagination, reactions. Parents should start preparing their child for kindergarten in advance.

Again, it’s no secret that in the first months you will experience an adaptation process. This is how the child adapts to new conditions. To be honest, adaptation is difficult. Crying, requests, promises to behave well, “just don’t take them to kindergarten” - all this awaits parents every morning. The age of 2 years and 8 months is good to start preparing the baby.

How to help your baby in advance? This will greatly facilitate adaptation to kindergarten and help the child prepare mentally.

• Let's be honest

Imagine:
The child has a measured, familiar life, his own habits, games, even small rituals. And then one day, without warning, you wake him up at 6-7 in the morning, dress him and take him to a new place. He is left there alone, with unfamiliar children, new rules and food that he doesn’t like.. Would you be scared if you were him? This situation is shocking for him. And so that the baby knows and is ready, talk to him about it in advance, try to explain everything.

You should not scare, but simply openly talk about the kindergarten - what is there and how. At 2 years and 8 months, the baby already understands a lot. Tell him that he will go there because it is necessary and there is no other way out (mom goes to work, grandma lives far away...). There is no need to describe the kindergarten as some incredibly beautiful place. Better tell everything honestly.

• We answer questions

After your
After reading the story, the child will have a lot of questions. Answer them, even if they seem stupid. It is important for the baby to prepare - for this he asks about everything. For example what will they serve for breakfast, is it possible to take toys home, how to call mom, etc..

• Even in the summer, take a walk near the kindergarten

If you manage to enter the territory, be sure to walk there with your baby. Take your child with you when you go to register for kindergarten. If he sees it and stays there a little, then “Day X” will no longer be so scary.

• Road

Psychologists advise dads to take their baby to kindergarten. After all, the child is more emotionally attached to his mother, it is harder to say goodbye to her, but it will be easier for him to part with his father.

In a month or two all problems will go away. Of course, all children do not like to get up early in the morning and leave home. However, such a regime will prepare them for a more important stage - for school.

Babies at the age of 2 years and 9 months reach the peak of motor activity. The need for movement does not allow the child to sit still for at least half an hour. Little fidgets have time everywhere. Often the result of their hectic activity is broken toys or broken dishes. However, the troubles caused by the baby only indicate his normal development.

Physiological characteristics of a child at 2 years 9 months

The baby is not growing as actively as in the first year of life.

By this age, the child has grown all his milk teeth, and the body is being rebuilt to a new level.

Physical and mental development of a child at 2 years and 9 months

Neuropsychic development	1. The child is familiar with primary colors and body parts. 2. Actively draws , sculpts, makes crafts. 3. When repeating the same events, systematizes ongoing processes and successfully fits himself into this system, for example, he enjoys participating in small theatrical scenes. 4. Masters role-playing games , is actively included in their planning. 5. The baby's need for answers increases. to the questions he asks more and more often. 6. The child expands his social circle , is included in a conversation with strangers (for example, in a clinic or store). 7. The baby remembers well small songs and poems.
Speech development	The child quickly expands his vocabulary , constructs sentences more correctly. His need to speak is growing every day, words fly out of the baby at the speed of a machine gun burst. The baby uses sentences of 3 or more words, confidently answers questions based on the picture with familiar characters (who is drawn, what is he doing?). The baby actively conducts a dialogue with the children during the game, saying hello and saying “bye” or “goodbye.”
Household skills	Knows how to dress without assistance, put on shoes with simple clasps (for example, boots with Velcro), learn to handle buttons. combs his hair independently , washes his face and brushes his teeth. He puts away toys and folds clothes himself. eats and drinks independently
Motor development	1. The kid knows how good to ride. 2. Assembles complex structures from the constructor. 3. Jumps and runs well. 4. Climbing stairs without using the railings. 5. Jumps off without any problems from a small height (from a step or curb). 6. Walks confidently on tiptoes while maintaining balance. 7. Flips through without any problems book pages. 8. Can pass without help And adults on an inclined board. 9. Knows how to use scissors , first randomly cuts paper, then learns to cut out simple shapes.
Social development (relations with others)	The child develops an individual attitude to each family member, so he communicates differently, for example, with his mother and grandmother. When playing independently, children imitate their gender , daughter - to mom, and son - to dad. The feeling of attachment to family weakens a little . Children, as before, are worried when they leave, but quickly calm down. Kids actively imitate each other . If one person starts jumping, all the children repeat the same after him.
Experience of the unconscious	When some event or object related to birth appears in a child’s life, he tries to reproduce what was subconsciously deposited in his head. The baby becomes concentrated, tries to remember or explain something . He highlights individual images associated with intrauterine development and birth.

Educational games and activities with a child aged 2 years 9 months

In order for the child to develop harmoniously, parents must pay a lot of attention to classes. In addition to teaching the baby new skills and knowledge, during joint activities, character flaws are smoothed out and strengths are developed.

• Outdoor games . The baby loves to play active games, he jumps, runs, chases a ball, and climbs the turnstiles on the playground. While practicing, play games in the form of competitions, at the end of which the winner will receive a prize.
• Role-playing games . Children enjoy playing at being salesmen, doctors, and copying their mother’s actions (cooking lunch for the dolls). They remember the actions that a particular person performed. The more observant
• The toddler, the better he copies, for example, the actions of a doctor or driver.
• Mom's assistant . At 2 years 9 months, you can safely involve the baby in household chores, giving the baby simple tasks. Let him load laundry into the washing machine, wash the dishes, or wipe the dust. The process needs to be organized in the form of a game so that the baby himself takes part in it with pleasure. Don't forget to praise for the work done.
• Reading books . When reading books, look at the pictures with your little one, ask him questions, ask his opinion about the behavior of this or that hero (who is good and who does bad).

Diet of a child at 2 years 9 months

The baby’s diet should include all the products necessary for the growth and development of the body.

Meat and fish products	, lean pork, beef, liver, seafood should make up up to 10% of the diet
Fermented milk and dairy products	Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheese and yogurt should be 35-40%.
Flour products and cereals	Bakery products, pastries and cereals from various cereals constitute 15% of the daily diet.
Vegetables and fruits	Main suppliers of vitamins for a child's body should occupy at least 35% of the daily diet.
Energy sources	Sugar, oil, fats of animal and vegetable origin should not exceed 3-3.5%.

The baby's fluid requirement is a little more than 1.5 liters per day.

To ensure that baby food is varied and balanced, it is prepared in different combinations.

Age crisis

The two-year-old crisis reaches its peak when the baby turns 2.5-3 years old. This is due to the contradictions of consciousness - “I want!”, “I’m big, and I can do it” on the one hand, and the inability to achieve what I want, on the other.

The consequence of this is disobedience, self-will, obstinacy, despotism, and sometimes cruelty. How to overcome the problem without traumatizing the child’s psyche? Here are psychologists' answers to frequently asked questions about raising toddlers from two to three years old.

How to teach your child to clean up his toys	Teach your child to put away toys becomes a challenging task for many parents. The key to success is patience and the ability to insist on your own. Make it a rule Place toys in an accessible place so that it is convenient for the baby to take them out and put them away. Transform your cleaning children's fun game. Store toys in colorful boxes , your baby will love sorting and putting toys into their designated containers. Set a consistent cleaning time . The baby will get used to it and will know that before going to bed or going for a walk, toys need to be sent to the houses. Do not get tired of praising your child for the work done!
How to deal with children's tantrums	Hysteria is a way of expressing the baby’s feelings and needs . He protests against the high demands placed on him, or against the lack of attention to himself. What to do to calm a screamer Maintain composure and calm . By cursing in response, you pay attention to the baby (even if it’s negative), and that’s all he needs. Assess the danger of what is happening . When your baby hits the floor, squirms or kicks, make sure there are no objects nearby that could cause injury. If the little one threw a concert in the middle of the room (which is what children most often do), let him continue to rebel. Don't promise the impossible . Don't follow the baby's lead. Most often, children to whom their parents promise a lot, but do not keep their word, suffer from neuroses. Isolate the toddler from the “spectators” . His entire performance is intended for the public. Leave him alone. Explain that the screaming is disturbing those around you and as soon as it calms down, you can return to the team. Without humiliating, voice what you experience during the “concert” . You can't tell your baby that you don't love him because he behaves badly. Show how upset you are that he is capricious. Discuss his behavior with the baby when he completely calms down.
How to cultivate kindness	Children show cruelty to others due to the fact that their consciousness is not yet fully formed and out of simple curiosity. (What happens if you pull a cat's tail?). Explain to the little man what the object of his experiment is experiencing at this very moment. . Teach children to be kind and compassionate by reinforcing their words with your actions. The behavior model of children is copied from close people and the actions of others.

Psychologists say that the key to solving most problems lies in the ability of parents to communicate with their child.

The world's greatest teacher, Maria Montessori, developed an education formula contained in a few phrases

• If you are honest with your little one, he will learn justice.
• When a child is ridiculed often, he will be timid.
• With frequent criticism, the child learns to condemn, and with frequent humiliation, he will grow up with a feeling of guilt.
• Frequent encouragement helps increase self-confidence.
• By showing leniency towards your baby, you will teach your baby to be more tolerant of others.

Love your baby, give him as much time and attention as possible, and he will grow up to be a harmoniously developed personality!

Physical development of a child at 2 years 9 months

The height of boys at 2 years and 9 months is from alchiki: 86.5 to 102 cm, and girls - from 85.5 to 101 cm. Boys’ weight is from 11.5 to 17 kg, and girls’ weight is from 11.8 to 16, 9 kg.

At 2 years 9 months, the child’s muscles are more clearly defined, small muscles of the hands and fingers have developed, due to which the accuracy of movements is improved, facial expressions have become richer and more expressive.

The child begins to use objects for their intended purpose: eat porridge with a spoon, dig sand with a scoop, and draw with a pencil. Can rise on tiptoes, jump on two legs, and step over a small obstacle on the floor.

Qualitative changes occur in the baby’s body. The functioning of all organs and systems is improved, which makes the child much more resilient. First of all, the performance of the nervous system increases. The child is already able to stay awake for 6-7 hours without fatigue.

By 2 years 9 months a set of baby teeth for biting and chewing food has almost been formed. By three years All 20 baby teeth must erupt. They need to be carefully looked after. Baby teeth have very thin enamel that is easily damaged, leading to caries and tooth decay. Without treatment, your baby's teeth can become a source of chronic infection. Therefore, as the third birthday approaches, it is worth visiting the dentist, even if the child has not complained of toothache.

The work of many organs and systems of the body is being rebuilt to a new, more adult level.

The kid even rides a tricycle already.

Nutrition of a child at 2 years 9 months

Child's diet 2 years 9 months- 4 times a day. Try to stick to feeding times. For example: 7:00 - breakfast; 12:00 - lunch; 15:00 - afternoon snack; 18:00 - dinner. The last meal should be 1.5 - 2 hours before bedtime. Also pay attention to the duration of the meal: breakfast - about 15-20 minutes; lunch - 20-25 minutes; afternoon snack - 5-10 minutes; dinner - 15-20 minutes.

It is not recommended to give children sweet foods between meals, as this reduces appetite. Daily amount of food for a child 2.5-3 years is about 1500-1600 ml. The amount of food consumed during the day differs at different meals. So for the child 2.5-3 years for breakfast it is about 400 ml, for lunch - 500-600 ml; for an afternoon snack - 200 ml; dinner - 350 ml.

Due to the significant expenditure of energy against the background of the child’s mobile activity and enhanced metabolic processes in the body, the need for basic nutrients remains quite high. So a child needs: protein - 50 grams per day; fat - 50 grams, carbohydrates - 210 grams. The calorie content of food throughout the day is about 1500 kcal. It should be noted that 70% of the incoming protein must be of animal origin (meat, liver, fish, chicken eggs, dairy products).

Fats of vegetable origin should make up about 10% of the total amount of fats, while butter and vegetable fats should not be subjected to heat treatment.

Milk and fermented milk products still occupy a leading position and amount to about 500-600 ml per day. Cottage cheese, cheese, kefir are necessary. Bread should also be present in the child’s diet every day (about 60-90 grams per day).

For baby nutrition 2.5-3 years A variety of cereal porridges are used - rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina. The child’s diet also includes pasta. Sugar is a necessary product, but in moderation. So the recommended amount of sugar per day is 50-60 grams.

Vegetables and fruits can amount to up to 350-4000 grams per day. TO three years the range of vegetables and fruits is expanding significantly. It is necessary to properly distribute the type of food throughout the day. Thus, dishes rich in protein, fat, and extractive substances should be given in the first half of the day, as they can excite the nervous system and disrupt sleep. Proteins and fats are poorly digested at night. In the evening, it is better to give your child porridge, vegetable and dairy dishes.

Speech development of a child at 2 years 9 months

Vocabulary increases quickly. The pronunciation is becoming clearer, but the baby still shortens or simplifies complex words.

The number of questions a child asks is constantly growing. The age of “why” - parents should be patient, as the child may ask the same thing many times in a row until he learns the new information. At this age, the child loves to take part in general conversations, and the baby begins to communicate not only with close people, but also with random people he meets in a store, in a clinic, or on the street. The child, at his childish level, understands what is being said and inserts his own words and phrases into the conversation. In conversation he uses simple sentences of 3-5 words.

His attention is still unstable, so the child is often distracted by something and does not listen to the end.

Cognitive development of a child 2 years 9 months

It's worth arming yourself with good children's books. While reading, observe how attentive the baby is. Be sure to answer the questions that will certainly arise as you read. You can ask questions yourself to find out how well your child understands what he reads. Children love to discuss the illustration and act out little scenes, which should definitely be encouraged.

In the repetition of events and actions, he quickly finds a system and is able to fit his behavior into this system.

By participating in role-playing games, the baby understands when the game ends and is able to take part in planning the game. During the game, he understands all new types of behavior. Can actively participate in home puppet theater; Moreover, he no longer treats dolls as living beings. Willingly takes on the role of a mouse, bunny, bear, etc.

If the baby can’t cope with something, he can ask for help.

TO 2 years 9 months child knows the names of primary colors and some parts of the body. Has a good memory. Can learn short poems by heart. Begins to become interested in forms of polite behavior.

Emotional and social development of a child at 2 years 9 months

At this age, the baby can be overwhelmed with all possible emotions and feelings, which can sometimes be very difficult for him to cope with. The task of parents is to be more attentive to the child, as flexible and patient as possible. At this age, the baby has a well-developed sense of humor, he is able to understand jokes and make jokes.

The child is still strongly attached to loved ones, especially to his mother.

By three years It is customary to sum up and judge the child’s inherent level of development. His adaptation to new conditions depends on what a child has learned in the first years of life. After all, it is at this age that children are usually sent to kindergarten.

What can your baby do at 2 years and 9 months?

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At the turn of the second year of life, the baby not only strives to learn new things about the world around him - he already thinks in a new way - and this is the most important stage in the development of his personality.
Therefore, the child must now be treated with special attention.

Just feel each other

Are you expecting your little one's second birthday soon? Do you never tire of being amazed at how the child has stretched out, “matured” and how much he now understands?

However, any caring mother is always interested in knowing whether the baby meets generally accepted development indicators for its age. You can find out more about this in the article - development indicators of a 2-year-old child.

If you notice that your child is lagging behind in some development indicators, don’t worry, it’s just that at the moment, this means that it’s too early to move on to more complex tasks. Each child in the 2nd year of life is very individual in his abilities, and only a caring, understanding attitude towards the baby will be the first condition for success. Find out what is the reason for the slow development: perhaps it is connected precisely with the lack of joint developmental activities, with a poorly organized play environment surrounding the baby in the house and on the street. Or perhaps it is you who should hone your teaching skills, learn and put into practice something new. For this purpose, we are always at your service!

But remember main rule: There is no need to immediately rush and load the baby with complex and incomprehensible tasks; the child under no circumstances should feel underdeveloped or lagging behind. The recipe for avoiding the “inferiority complex” is quite simple - more parental attention and love. The baby’s development should occur progressively - moving from simple to complex, wherein You always need to subtly sense the baby’s capabilities and protect him from unnecessary stress.

Therefore, you should not follow the lead of your vanity - try to make a “prodigy” out of the baby. After all, the consequences of such accelerated development are difficult to predict. In particular, be careful with common methods of development “from the cradle” - they have too many hidden dangerous “side effects”, such as the appearance of hyperactivity, insomnia in the baby, and even more dangerous deviations. For more information about this, you can read our revealing articles about educational videos, techniques, and toys. Consult only with qualified educators and early childhood specialists. For example, at any time - you can ask a question on our forum - to a teacher or psychologist.

All about baby development...

From 1 year 9 months to 2 years, the child continues to improve his skills that he mastered in the previous three months. Just like at that time - the leading lines of development remain - sensory, subject-cognitive, speech, physical development. But now they are enriched with more complex content. Social development also acquires special significance.

Child social development

The child socializes even more actively than before - he enters the world of people. For example, he not only begins to accept and fulfill your demands, but also shows a more conscious attitude towards them. The baby already understands and reacts to your permission (“it is possible”) or your prohibition (“not”), but can also show his attitude to events and actions. To consolidate these skills, point out them regularly - for example, “The dog ate snow on the street and got sick. That’s why you can’t eat snow!” (More details on how to properly ban are here.) Gradually introduce the word “must” into your vocabulary. “Look how dirty your hands are! They need to be washed - and they will be clean,” etc. Gradually the child will begin to understand your new requirement.

You can sigh happily - by the age of two, the baby’s behavior gradually begins to be controlled with the help of your calls to him. But here too, be careful - the child should obey not out of fear of angering you, but by trusting you, consciously understanding what you say and do right (wrong, namely, right). And, based on this, that he will act as you act. A child’s obedience should be based on exceptional trust in parents and, of course, love. The baby is sincerely happy if he is praised, but you also need to praise skillfully - read the useful information on how to praise your child correctly.

Need to be punished? Don’t rush to spank the baby’s bottom, say simply and seriously: “I’m upset because of this and that... and now I’m not in the mood to talk and play,” this will be the most “terrible” sentence, and mind you, without violent humiliation. You really talk about your feelings without “poking” the child, without lecturing him, without talking down to him, you are sincere. The baby will never want to lose friendship with you - and his desire to listen to you should be based only on this. A little later, when the emotions of both you and the child recede into the background, you can tell why you can’t do this (dangerous, unacceptable), what can happen to children who do this, etc.

To summarize, now the child’s relationships with adults will be enriched and emotionally strengthened on the basis of trust, love, sympathy, understanding, friendship, affection, compassion, desire and action together, etc.

But the child’s social development based on these good feelings cannot arise spontaneously, without your efforts and example.

Adult mirror

Every minute you act in front of your child as a model to copy. The baby repeats after you not only increasingly complex actions with objects (techniques and methods of execution), but also actions related to choice (“bad” and “good”). This behavior is typical for a baby aged 1 year 9 months. - 2 years 3 months. - scientists called this phenomenon “role in action.” Conduct an experiment - ask the baby to show you how mom talks on the phone, how dad knocks with a hammer, etc. Simply, the child copies the adult - and exactly as he sees him, and imitates this in his image and likeness. But already now, at this age, his habits, his inner “I” are being formed, so you need to be especially careful about his “acting imitative ability” - giving him only the best exemplary example. Therefore, you will need an active teaching position. remember, that A child’s imitation of you is the basis of a child’s socialization.

Subject activity

Neurophysiologists say that at the turn of the 2nd year of life, the frontal parts of the brain are actively developing. These are precisely the “remotes” that provide direct human perception and knowledge of the world around us. Now the baby’s objective activity is not only more stable and lasting, but he also chooses it more purposefully.

New educational games

What new things need to be brought into play with educational toys? With appropriate development, the baby can now perform a series of activities of choice, matching and grouping - more complex than the activities of the earlier period.

Correlating objects by shape

Now you can make it more difficult to match objects by shape.

Give your baby three boxes of different shapes - preferably round, square and triangular - with matching lids. See if the baby can choose the right lids; most likely, he should be able to do it easily. Also, for these purposes, it would be nice to use the simplest large puzzles (2-4 pieces) and inserts (squares, circles, ovals, triangles).

Teach your child to understand shapes - square, circle, triangle. The correlation of objects by shape can subsequently be diversified, taking into account the size of the object. For example: give me a big square (small circle).

Correlating objects by size and color

Now your little one will be able to cope with tasks involving matching objects by color and size. With preliminary preparation, he is able to distinguish balls of the same color - but large or small, cubes of the same size - but of different colors, etc. If you haven’t “got through this” yet, then it’s time to get started, your baby will grasp everything on the fly!

The time has come to teach the baby to assemble a pyramid of 2-3 rings himself, to learn the combinations of three sizes: large - smaller - small. This task smoothly leads the child to an understanding of numbers, because by sequentially collecting rings in increasing sizes, he practically understands the increase in the counting system. In the future, when the baby learns the ratio of quantities “big - smaller - small” - and vice versa, it will be possible to accompany his actions with a count: one - two - three. And soon the little one will begin to echo you. But for now this is only a practical knowledge of “mathematics” based on the game.

Grouping objects by shape, color, size

Have you mastered the above knowledge well? Let's move to a new level - tasks for grouping objects by color, shape, size. For example, let the child choose from a common box - only balls or only Christmas trees, etc.

Don't turn an exciting game into a boring lesson - present it in the form of a simple plot. For example: the hedgehog is confused and asks: “Help me, Vanya, find all the mushrooms!” Let’s figure out where the small ones are for the kids, and the big ones for mom and dad – the hedgehogs.” If the child can’t cope, help, show him. Try to ensure that the verbal explanation coincides in time with the visual demonstration.

Collapsible toys

The baby enjoys playing with collapsible toys for a long time- for example, folk nesting dolls, as well as with insert items (caps). For example, now he will be able to independently open the nesting doll and find a smaller one. And with your help, it is not difficult for him to reconnect the corresponding parts, and then put the small one back into the large one and close it. In this game, the baby learns the system of relationships “part - whole” and “big - small” (The principle is simple: a smaller object can be put into a larger one, but not vice versa).

Such educational games with didactic objects help shape the baby’s intelligence, its analytical and synthesizing component. By being aware of comparisons and generalizations, analysis and synthesis in play, the child accumulates precious “practical experience.” That is why it is so often said that “the intelligence of a child in early childhood develops at the tips of his fingers” - all this comes only in practical educational play.

From the above examples it is not difficult to conclude that at this stage of development the baby, with certain preparation, can freely navigate both planar geometric shapes (square, circle, triangle) and volumetric ones (ball, cube, parallelepiped - “brick”, prism - “roof”).

Moreover, your child is able to recognize figures in pictures. He becomes very attentive to images. It is no coincidence that at such an early age some teachers suggest starting work on introducing the child to reading (A. Zaitsev, L. Nikitina, etc.).

But be careful - don't overdo it, remember that traditional pedagogy refrains from such strict recommendations. And with good reason: at the age of two years, children’s development proceeds very individually, and in practice a pattern emerges: what benefits one child will be detrimental to another. But still, it wouldn’t hurt to purchase an alphabet poster with animals. It can be mounted on the wall – at the baby’s eye level. You can also take cubes with letters, but use them as usual for a construction game. Make sure that the baby examines them with interest, and when he asks “what is this?”, name the sounds. If the child is interested, then you should first introduce him to vowel sounds (a, u, o, i), and then consonants (m, p, v, b...). For now this will be quite enough. From time to time you can repeat what you have learned, but while you are happy with your first successes, do not forget that the development of such a young child is best built on practical educational play, aesthetic and moral education.

The best educational games and toys for a child aged 2 years

We have written a whole series of articles devoted to educational play activities for children aged 1 to 3 years, and for good reason - after all play is an inexhaustible source of a child’s development, in accordance with his nature. To view these materials, please go to the section: "The best educational games for children 1-3 years old"

A section was created similarly "The best educational toys for children 1-3 years old", these materials will help you not to get confused in the huge industry of toys and be able to choose only safe, only useful, not pseudo-but really educational toys.

Development of thinking of a 2-year-old child

Generalized concepts are clear!

New in the development of a child from 1 year 9 months. up to 2 years can be considered not only familiarization with individual subjects and objects of the surrounding world, but also the assimilation of generalized concepts. For example, explain to your child that the word “house” means a place where people live, add that a mouse (mink), a dog (kennel), a squirrel (hollow), a bird (nest), etc. have a home. d. Help your little one build “houses” from what is at hand: pillows, blankets - in the space under the table - “Now you have a house too!” - he will like this game. You can also give the concept of “food” as an example - tell what animal likes to eat what, and what the baby eats. It will be very interesting to play with the word family - for example: a family of horses - father-horse, mother-horse, horse-son. There is no need to explain to him the words: horse, mare, foal - these are still too difficult for him to understand - but he will quickly learn mom and dad.

Games and activities with pictures

The baby now recognizes not only individual images in the pictures - objects and living beings (mug, house, cat), but also looks with interest at pictures with a plot (a cat laps milk). Of course, it is much easier for him to discern from them what he himself saw in life. Now the baby successfully correlates the flat image with reality. The picture begins to perform a symbolic function for him!

Include games and activities with pictures in your time together with your child.– this will help develop his thinking and speech. At 2 years old, the baby can make any classification of images - first at your request and with your help if the child finds it difficult. You can think of it like this: “Choose what you can wear for a walk? Jacket, pants, boots, hat? What else? That's right - a scarf! Show us where our panties are drawn! - Right!" Then you can ask the child what exactly should be worn on which part of the body: “Boots - on the legs, so that they are warm. A hat? “That’s right, it will be warm on the head and ears,” etc. Such activities will contribute to the formation of intelligence, the development of the symbolic function of thinking, and the subsequent development of more complex mental activity. In addition, looking at bright colorful pictures is always a joy for a child - and this has a good effect on his emotional and mental development.

In addition, the use of images in classes will allow the baby will also develop in an aesthetic direction- after all, by the age of 2, the baby begins not only to understand that a flat paper picture depicts an object! Drawings, illustrations, paintings are perceived by the baby as a special form of cognition that expands the boundaries of the world around them. Teach him to see beauty by showing him reproductions of classical paintings.

Books, fairy tales, illustrations...

To all of the above the child begins to actively become interested in fairy tales and book pictures. Children at this age are gradually moving away from little cardboard books; they prefer panoramic books that reveal a three-dimensional image in each spread. If you have read fairy tales to your baby before, it was not in vain, because by the age of two he begins to truly understand them. His first fairy tales may be “everyday” fairy tales (“Kolobok”, “Ryaba Hen”, “Teremok”). Teachers call them “everyday” because in their stories the characters act like people in everyday life.

Just don’t rush to read long, magical fairy tales to your child., because now he will not understand magical transformations, actions “as if”, “for fun” - this will only confuse him. After all, at such an early age, children understand the world as they actually see it in front of them. Therefore, they understand better the various everyday situations that are colorfully described in folk tales and nursery rhymes. Needless to say, our good old fairy tales will enrich the inner emotional world of a child - bringing into it warmth and kindness, care and attention.

Natural curiosity in experiments

Have you noticed how often the baby began to make “experiments” in understanding the world around him? He feeds the cat with a spoon, puts his hat on his favorite toy - if you take him for a walk, and during the walk he lifts one part of the swing up, watching how the opposite side goes down. Similar situations existed before, but now they have acquired some special meaning - they come from the child’s acquired knowledge. “I eat from a spoon - even if the kitty eats from a spoon,” he thinks, “You can’t go outside without a hat - I’ll freeze, so the bear needs a hat... Why am I taking the swing here, but the other side is also moving?”

These actions of the baby are not without meaning, although we cannot always understand him. The baby also learns the physical properties of objects hidden from him, and discovers them himself - in practical action - and this is very important, as he continues to accumulate information about the world around him.

How to help a child in his research activities? Play and experiment with him! Show, explain, direct children's curiosity in the right and useful direction. Provide him with the educational gaming environment he needs for experimentation and development of cognitive activity, including so-called surprise toys.

Child speech development (2 years)

By the age of 2, a child’s active vocabulary increases approximately 10 times compared to one and a half years. For especially “talkative” children, it reaches 200-400 words. And yet, in any case, it is possible and necessary to develop a child’s speech.

Some useful tips for developing the speech of a child (2 years old):

When communicating with your baby you need to build phrases that are understandable to him;

- Try to pause for meaning, giving the baby the opportunity to understand what is being asked or asked of him;

As often as possible and in different situations ask your baby questions: what's this? somewhere? How does a cockerel sing (a dog barks, a cat meows)? etc.;

- Give him various assignments: bring it and name it, show it, find where it’s hidden, open it, call it, etc. And by adding the word “please” to the order, and when fulfilling it - “thank you” - you teach your child to be polite!

- Try to make communication more emotional, change your intonation. For example, in the game: speak for a bear in a low bass voice, and for a mouse in a thin, high-pitched voice. And you also need to remember to change the strength of your voice (loud, quiet) depending on the plot of the game being built.

Also, while playing or reading a fairy tale, reveal to the little ones the motives of certain actions of the characters. For example, “Chicken Ryaba went for some water. For what? “Give the chickens something to drink.” Or: “Kitten-Murysenka went for flour! - What does she want? “Bake some gingerbread.” Don’t be afraid to answer for your child if he finds it difficult. Taking a question and answer enlivens the lesson, helps the child understand the situation and understand how to get out of such a “difficult situation.”

A novelty in the development of speech of a baby at the age of 2 years will be ability to pronounce sentences of two or three words. This, of course, is not possible for every child, because the speech capabilities of different children are individual, because each person is unique in his own way.

But to develop such a skill- it is necessary to give the child the correct examples of constructing a short phrase (“the cat is eating”, “the car is driving”, “the dog is sleeping”, etc.), while commenting on what is actually unfolding before his eyes. After this, ask the child with “interest” about your general observation. Notice and encourage his attempts to repeat after you.

Music and child

Don’t forget to include music for your child, it could be:
folk music (lullabies, dance songs)
classical instrumental music (for example, “The Mozart Effect” - you can find it in the audio materials section)
Children's popular music (songs from cartoons, etc.)
Instrumental beautiful music with nature sounds for children.

You can find all this in our audio materials section.

Physical development of the child:

We invite you to read the article "Gymnastics for children from 1 to 3 years old"- the proposals in there, the system of exercises is based on the methods of famous Russian pediatricians: K. D. Gubert, M. G. Ryss, A. F. Tour, which have long been successfully used in children's health and medical institutions.

Select individually for your child several of these 50 exercises that are most interesting and suitable for his abilities and implement them into the game!

Child development calendar: 2 years 9 months
The child is aware of his “I”, shows character, is often capricious, stubborn, and intractable. These are signs of an imminent 3-year crisis. Parents are required to show all their teaching abilities so as not to break the child and force him to obey at the same time.

Physiological development

The most active period has arrived. The baby spins like a top, runs and jumps. This is completely normal behavior. Motor activity ensures full mental and psychological development. You should not constantly reproach and scold your child for his mobility.

The downside to this behavior is serious overstimulation. If parents do not distract the child in time and do not calm him down, he will stir himself up so much that it will be difficult for him to stop.

Baby psychology

Speech develops rapidly, vocabulary grows quickly. The child speaks in sentences. If they don’t understand him, he tries to say it in other words.

Boys usually start speaking later than girls. To get such a silent person to talk, parents try to ask questions that require something specific to be answered. What do you want to eat? What jacket will you wear? What fairy tale should you read?

If there are older children in the family, most likely the child will speak earlier than his peers, and his speech will develop and improve faster. The baby will imitate and copy the behavior of older brothers and sisters.

It happens that a child who recently spoke well suddenly becomes silent and again begins to speak in separate words. This can happen against a background of stress and fear. It is useless to explain that there is nothing terrible in the situation.

The baby cannot yet appreciate and understand such advice from parents. Also, you should not return your child to a stressful situation, this can only worsen the situation. It’s better to wait, calm down and gradually forget.

Skills

Toys fade into the background, and the child becomes interested in everyday skills. The girls are happy to help their mother wipe the dust and wash the dishes. The boys happily become dad's assistants and actively help in repairing the remote control and bicycle.

The child can already:
Use scissors to cut everything that comes to hand into small pieces. Parents should ensure that the scissors are safe and that important documents do not fall into the child’s hands;
gets dressed on his own and tries to master buttons, zippers, buttons, laces. The latter are the most difficult task for a child. Some children only cope with shoelaces for school;
become interested in music, a musical instrument. Parents can learn a simple melody with their child;
draw, sculpt, fantasize, create.