How to determine your clothing size. What and how to measure Choosing measuring instruments
The use of practical problems in the process of studying mathematics is one of the effective ways to increase interest in the subject and intensify the educational activities of schoolchildren.
The development of mathematical ideas, in most cases, begins with the solution of specific problems, and therefore many problems of a practical nature can be found by studying the history of mathematics and the biographies of great mathematicians.
While studying the history of mathematics, we learned that the problem of measuring the height of objects arose around the 6th-5th centuries BC, but was successfully solved by the ancient Greek thinker Thales of Miletus. He measured the height of the pyramid, which is one of the tallest structures of that time.
The building of the Oryol secondary school in the Tara district is one of the tallest in the village of Orlovo, so the question of the height of the building and how to measure it has always been relevant.
The object of study of our work is a school building.
The subject of the study is the height of the school and how to measure it. Goal: determine the height of the school building. Objectives: 1. consider different ways to measure a building;
2. find the easiest way to measure height
(with an error of no more than 10%);
3. compare the accuracy of different methods.
Research methods:
1. generalization of scientific literature; 2. practical work on the ground; 3. use of technical means.
Chapter I. Methods for determining the height of an object
All methods for measuring the height of a building are divided into physical and geometric.
The simplest geometric method is the following: measure the height of one floor and multiply by the number of floors, but there is no guarantee that the height of all floors is the same.
A more common method is the method with which Thales, according to legend, measured the height of the Egyptian pyramids. When the priests, wanting to test Thales, asked the scientist to measure the height of the pyramid, he waited until the length of his own shadow became equal to his height, and at that moment he measured the length of the shadow cast by the pyramid. This measured length of the shadow is equal to the height of the pyramid.
So, on a sunny day, you can determine the height of an object by its shadow, guided by the following rule: the height of the measured object is as many times greater than the height of the object you know (stick, fishing rod), how many times the shadow of the measured object is greater than the shadow of the stick, fishing rod.
If during measurement it turns out that the shadow from a stick or fishing rod is 2 times the length of the stick or fishing rod, then the height of the measured object will be 2 times less than the length of its shadow, and if the shadow from the stick or fishing rod is equal to their length, the height of the measured object is also equal the height of your shadow.
Using an isosceles triangle.
When approaching an object (for example, a tree) or moving away from it, place a triangle near the eye so that one of its legs is directed vertically and the other coincides with the line of sight to the top of the tree. The height of the tree will be equal to the distance to the tree (in steps) plus the height to the observer's eyes.
Along the pole. Take a pole equal to your height and place it at such a distance from the object (tree) that when lying down you can see the top of the tree in a straight line with the top point of the pole. The height of the tree will be equal to the distance from the observer's head to the base of the tree.
Using an altimeter with an arrow. Having made the device according to this drawing, you can begin to determine the height of any object. Being at different distances from the object, you need to make sure that when sighting the top of the tree, the arrow readings do not go beyond the scale. When sighting, you should place your eye on the hole on the side of the device and, tilting the device, ensure that the second sighting point (the corner at the other end of the device) coincides with the top of the object being sighted. The arrow will indicate the number by which the distance to the object should be multiplied to obtain its height. To this is added the height of the device during sighting.
Using a puddle. If there is a puddle not far from the tree, you need to position yourself so that it fits between you and the object, and then use a horizontally placed mirror to find the reflection of the top of the tree in the water (Fig. 5). The height of the tree will be as many times greater than the height of a person, how many times the distance from it to the puddle is greater than the distance from the puddle to the observer.
Using a balloon. You can launch a balloon next to an object and time its rise to the level of the top point. You just need to independently and accurately measure the rate of rise of such a ball and be sure that during the flight it will not be blown away by some stray gust of wind.
You can also determine the altitude of the climb using the barometric formula - in the same way as they determine the altitude of their flight on all airplanes.
Or, using a long rope, throwing it from the maximum point of the object.
These are just some of the ways to measure the height of an object. We think that it is possible to solve our problem with the help of a photograph that shows the object being measured and the measure. What if we find the ratio of the actual length of the measurement to the length of the measurement from the photograph, then multiply the resulting result by the length of the measured object from the photograph? Maybe we'll get a more accurate result.
School height measurement
Of all the listed methods for measuring the height of an object, we decided to put it into practice - determining the height of a school by its shadow, using a pole, and also decided to test our own method, that is, use a photograph of a building.
1. Measuring the height of the school by its shadow
One sunny day we decided to measure the height of our school using the method of Thales of Miletus, that is, by the length of the shadow cast by the building.
As a measure, we took one of the students from our school. His height is 1.6 m. Having measured his shadow, we got the result - 6.6 m. Next, we found the length of the shadow from the school, it is equal to 30.5 m. The ratio of the length of the shadow from the building to the length of the shadow from the measurement is 30.5: 6.6=4.6212121. Multiplying the height of the measurement by the result of the ratio, we get 1.6*4.6212121=7.39393=7.4(m). So, the height of the school is approximately 7.4 meters.
Having looked at the technical passport of the Oryol secondary school building, we found out that the actual height of the building is 7.05 meters.
Our measurement error is approximately 5%.
2. Measuring the height of the school using a pole.
To implement the second method, we took a pole equal to the height of the same student and installed it perpendicularly at such a distance from the school building that when lying down, the top point of the edge of the building was visible. We measured the distance from the head to the base of the building. It turned out to be equal to 7.7 meters, which means the height of the school is also equal to 7.7 meters.
In this case, the measurement error is approximately 9%.
3. Measuring the height of the school from its photograph.
To measure the height of the school from its photograph, we again needed a measure, for which we took the author of our work, Alexey, who proposed this method of measuring the height of an object. Alyosha stood close to the school building, and we took several pictures, then chose the best one. Next, we measured Alyosha’s real height (measurement), it is 160 cm, and the height of the measurement in the photograph is 3.9 cm.
We found the ratio of Alyosha’s height to the height of the measurements in the photograph, and got: 160/3.9 = 1600/39 (per 1 cm – photographs).
The height of the school in the photograph is -18.4 cm, which means that the real height of the building is found as the product of the ratio of the height to the height of the measurement in the photograph and the height of the school in the photograph, that is, 1600/39*184/10=29440/39=754.87179= 755 (cm)=7.6 (m).
So, the height of the school is approximately 7.6 meters.
The error of this measurement is approximately 8%.
Conclusion.
We looked at different ways to measure the height of a building, described in the scientific literature, and proposed our own method of measurement using photography. We put into practice 3 methods: measuring the height of a building using a shadow, using a pole and using a photograph.
For us, the simplest and most acceptable method was to measure the height of a building using a pole, since it takes little time and a minimum of equipment to solve the problem.
Measuring the height of a building using a shadow is not always feasible, since sunny weather is required.
Measuring the height of a building using photography solves our problem, but requires special technical means: a digital camera, a computer, a printer. Of all the tested methods, ours turned out to be in second place in terms of accuracy.
So, the measurement error by these methods is different. The most accurate method of measuring the height of a building was using a shadow.
Thus, the assigned tasks have been completed and the goal of the work has been achieved.
In the future, we plan to continue work in this direction and consider other ways to measure the height of a building.
First of all, what kind of soil and terrain, where the dacha plot is located, what vegetation is present on it and nearby, the climate characteristics of the region and other features of the specific territory available. All this will determine your capabilities in terms of construction and its main technological aspects (laying and type of foundation, layout, number of floors and much more).
When purchasing a summer cottage, you, of course, plan to build your dream home on it. But before you get down to business, you should pay attention to some rather important points.
First of all, what kind of soil and terrain, where the dacha plot is located, what vegetation is present on it and nearby, the climate characteristics of the region and other features of the specific territory available. All this will determine your capabilities in terms of construction and its main technological aspects (laying and type of foundation, layout, number of floors and much more).
(Gallery dir="glavnaya/malyj-banner")
In addition, we should not forget about the mandatory construction standards, which are enshrined in law. So, for example, before deciding how many floors there should be in a house that you want to build on a summer cottage, you should take into account that when developing a summer cottage plot of up to 0.12 hectares, you can use no more than 30% of the area for a house and auxiliary buildings. At the same time, in accordance with the town planning code, it is currently allowed to build a house for one family on an individual plot of up to 1,500 square meters, but no more than three floors.
You can realize all your ideas for creating a dream home by purchasing a plot in the village of Alino.
When calculating the number of floors, you must be guided by the following paragraph of SNIP:
"1.5*. The height of technical floors is determined in each individual case, depending on the type of engineering equipment and utility networks placed in them, and the conditions of their operation. The height in places where service personnel can pass to the bottom of protruding structures must be at least 1.8 m."
Thus, based on this, houses can be classified by number of floors:
Low-rise - 1-2 floors;
- mid-rise - 3-5 floors;
- multi-storey - 6 or more floors;
-high number of floors - 11-16 floors;
- high-rise - more than 16 floors.
Good afternoon.
According to SP 55.13330.2011 Single-apartment residential buildings.
The height of the building is determined by the distance from the planning mark
ground level to the top elevation mark to the top of the canopy above the parapet (parapets) of the longitudinal walls of the flat roof, or to the top edge (ridge, spire) surfaces of the mating slopes of the roof covering of a pitched roof.
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Lawyer, Moscow
- 10.0 rating
- expert
Good afternoon. Igor.
Clause 5.6. Recommendations for technical inventory and registration of civil buildings
When measuring a building, the internal height of the premises and the external height of the building and its parts must be determined.
Internal height is measured from floor to ceiling in one of the rooms of each typical floor and basement (basement). In cold extensions, the internal height is not measured. In basements and ground floors, the depth of the floor relative to the surface of the ground or blind area is also measured. If the height of the rooms on the floor is different, it must be measured in each of these rooms.
The height of the building, extensions, mezzanine, attic and light room for calculating volumes and costs is determined from the finished floor to the top of the attic floor filling according to measurement data:
internal heights of premises by floor and thickness of interfloor and attic floors. The thickness of the floors can be determined by measuring the height of two or more floors in the staircase;
the internal height of the building from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling of the last in the staircase.
It is allowed to use other devices to determine the external heights of a building that provide the required accuracy.
Note. If collections on the assessment of citizens' buildings for the purposes of state insurance provide for other rules for measuring heights, then to calculate the cost, measurements are made separately.
Sincerely.
Vasiliev Dmitry.
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Lawyer, Saratov
- 10.0 rating
The lowest point of measurement is the planning mark of the ground level, defined in the specified SP 55.13330.2011 and stipulated as follows
3.17 Planning ground level - established by the project
relative to the design elevation of the zero (±0.000) level of the floor surface of the first floor, geodetic elevation of the level of the boundary of the ground surface (street paving) in front of the building .
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Lawyer, Kaluga
Igor Vladimirovich, according to Part 17 of Art. 51 and part 2 of Art. 49 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation - the height of a residential building should not exceed three floors inclusive and 14 meters from ground level to the ridge of a pitched roof; - the height of an outbuilding should not exceed 4 meters from ground level to the ridge of a pitched roof.
Therefore, it is important to consider two parameters: height and number of storeys. All floors are taken into account: both basement and attic. If your house is less than 13 meters, but more than 3 floors, problems may arise during registration.
In addition, the rules of land management and land use (LRU) in each specific region may establish conditions that differ from the urban planning code.
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Client clarification
Please clarify. In the house, the level of the finished floor above the ground level is 0.6 m. The ground floor is -3.79, the top of the backfill of the technical floor is 10.90, the top of the ridge is 14.11.
Floors: ground, 1, 2, attic.
Which mark would be considered the top of the house? And how many floors are there in the house? Does the 3 floors allowed include the underground floor? If I remember correctly, a floor 1.5 m above the ground level is considered a basement, if less, then it is a basement. How to count in my case?
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Lawyer, Syktyvkar
- 9.7 rating
- expert
Hello!
When making measurements, the BTI is guided by this document (I myself recently made a technical passport and cadastral passport for my house and was surprised by this):
MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR LAND POLICY, CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITIES
ORDER
dated August 4, 1998 N 37
On approval of instructions on conducting accounting of housing stock in the Russian Federation
Determination of the construction volume of a residential building
3.42.…
The height of the building is taken from the level of the finished floor of the first floor to the top of the attic floor backfill; The volume of a building without an attic is determined by multiplying the vertical cross-sectional area of the building by the length.
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Lawyer, Syktyvkar
- 9.7 rating
- expert
But the most important thing is this:
Federal Law of December 29, 2004 N 191-FZ
“On the entry into force of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation”
Article 8.
4. Until March 1, 2018, it is not required to obtain a permit to put an individual housing construction project into operation, nor to submit this permit to carry out technical accounting (inventory) of such a facility, including for the registration and issuance of a technical passport of such a facility.
That is, there is no need to put the house into operation!
And, as usual, this deadline is constantly being pushed back....
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Lawyer, Saratov
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Please clarify. In the house, the level of the finished floor above the ground level is 0.6 m. The ground floor is -3.79, the top of the backfill of the technical floor is 10.90, the top of the ridge is 14.11. Floors: ground, 1, 2, attic.
Igor Vladimirovich
Let's define the terms:
3.18.4 Basement floor - a floor with a floor surface mark below
land level mark no more than half the height of the room .
3.18.5 Basement floor (first underground floor) – floor with a mark
floor surface below the level of the ground more than half
room height.
The height of the room is
6.2 Height (floor to ceiling) living rooms and kitchens in climatic
areas IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA (according to SP 131.13330) should be not less than 2.7 m , in the rest - at least 2.5 m in accordance with SP.54.13330. Height of living rooms,
kitchens and other rooms located in the attic or having sloping
inside the room ceilings or walls, and if necessary in other cases,
determined by the developer, it is allowed to take at least 2.3 m. In corridors and when installing mezzanines, the height of the premises can be taken at least 2.1 m.
Thus, the floor surface in the basement should be no lower than 1.35 - 1.25 from the planning ground level.
3.22 The number of floors of the building includes all above-ground and underground floors
buildings, including: technical floors, usable attics at height
premises (Appendix A) equal to or more than 1.8 m, attic floors and mezzanines;
ground floors and basements. Are not taken into account, regardless of their height,
underground spaces under the building and attic spaces, as well as between floors
spaces and attics with a room height of less than 1.8 m.
The total height of the building is determined by the roof ridge
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Lawyer, Chelyabinsk
“ABOUT THE STORIES OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING”
Letter of the Federal Real Estate Cadastre Agency of the Russian Federation dated August 27, 2008 No. AM/1567
In accordance with the Instructions on accounting of housing stock in
Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Land Construction dated 04.08.1998 No.
37, the floors of residential buildings include:
- attic floor (attic) - floor in the attic space, facade
which is formed entirely or partially by surface(s)
sloping or sloping roof, with the line of intersection of the roof plane and
facade should be at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the attic floor level
floors
- above ground floor - floor when the floor level of the premises is not lower
land planning mark (appendix No. 1 mandatory, SNiP
2.08.01-89*);
- basement floor - floor when marking the floor of the premises below
planning level of the ground more than half the height of the room
- technical floor - floor for placing engineering equipment and
laying communications; can be located at the bottom (technical
underground), upper (technical attic) or in the middle parts of the building
(Appendix No. 1 is mandatory, SNiP 2.08.01-89*);
- ground floor - floor when the floor level of the premises is below the planning level
ground marks to a height of no more than half the height of the premises (Appendix No.
1 mandatory, SNiP 2.08.01-89*).
The number of floors of a residential building should be determined by the number of above-ground floors.
When determining the number of floors, the number of above-ground floors includes
basement floors, if the top of the basement floor slab rises above
level of the ground level of at least 2 m.
The first above-ground floor is considered to be the floor of which is not lower than the level of the planning ground.
In accordance with SNiP 2.08.02-89* “Public buildings and structures”
When determining the number of floors of a building, all floors are included in the number of floors.
above-ground floors, including the technical floor, attic, as well as
basement floor, if the top of its ceiling is above average
planning level of the ground at least 2 m. Underground for
ventilation under buildings designed for construction on
permafrost soils, regardless of its height, in the number of above-ground floors
does not turn on. The technical floor, located above the upper floor, with
determining the number of storeys of a building is not taken into account.
In accordance with the form of the cadastral passport of the building, structure,
object of unfinished construction (Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated
02/18/2008 No. 32) in the line “number of floors” the total number
floors of a building or structure, separately in the line “number of underground
floors" indicates the number of underground floors (floors when marking the floor
premises below the planning level of the ground by more than half the height
rooms) and levels in the basement.
Thus, when specifying the number of floors “3” and the number
underground floors “1” the number of storeys of the building will be determined as the difference
of these indicators - “2”. A two-story building does not contradict the definition
individual housing construction project as a stand-alone
residential building with no more than three floors intended for
residence of one family (Article 48 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian
Federation).
First, let’s figure out what rules govern this issue of site development. The governing documents are the current editions of the Construction Norms and Rules as well as the town planning code. SNiP are building codes and regulations that must be followed so that in the future there will be no legal issues with built or newly constructed private houses or other buildings. Local authorities, which are in charge of all permitting documentation for the construction and construction of a private house, in accordance with the admission and permitting standards, have the right to give or refuse such a document as permission to construct objects.
As a general rule, the building standards of a private house include:
- location of a private house and structures intended for economic purposes and requirements for the minimum order in the construction of a cottage, private (country) house;
- carrying out engineering communications.
Let's consider the main rules
- When planning to build a house, it is located on a plot of land with indentation of at least 5 meters from the red line roads, and at a distance of at least 3 meters from the street. This is a direct provision of SNIP; in addition, such provisions are directly determined by the comfort of your stay. The red line is conditional boundary, which separates the roadway from the building area.
- According to fire safety standards, the distance between residential buildings located on adjacent plots must be at least 6 (brick structures) or 15 (wooden buildings) meters.
· Fences installed around the site must be indicated in the project; their location should not go beyond the red line established by the plan.
· If you plan to raise pets or poultry on your property, it would be useful to inquire about the requirements for the construction and location of structures for keeping livestock and poultry. For example, the height of a poultry house and barnyard cannot be less than 2.4 meters from the floor (or ground, if the floor is earthen) to the ceiling.
· In the same way, there are rules for the location of garden trees and shrubs on the site. The minimum distance from trees to buildings is 5 meters, and from the boundaries of the neighboring plot - 3 meters. In addition, trees cannot be located closer than 4 meters to load-bearing supports of electrical networks and closer than 1.5 meters to laid underground utilities. For shrubs, the maximum permissible planting distances are 1.5 meters from buildings and 1 meter to the boundaries of the site.
Requirements for the height and area of an individual residential building under construction
Restrictions on the area of the house being built relate, first of all, to the minimum areas of its living rooms. They are responsible for determining these standards. SP 54.13330.2011, JV 55.13330.2011 .
You will not receive a building permit if you indicate the estimated living room area is less than 12 m2. For a bedroom this limit is 8m2, for a kitchen - 6m2, and for a toilet - 0.96m2. Exceptions to the minimum area of rooms are the requirements for attic rooms; here the minimum area of a bedroom is 7m2.
The legislation does not provide for maximum premises sizes.
Based SP 54.13330.2011 The minimum height of rooms in the house is clearly defined - 2.5 meters, except for attic rooms (2.3 m). In addition, there are many more requirements for the size of the functional structural elements of a house under construction, for example, the width of interfloor stairs and corridors of the house cannot be less than 0.9 meters.
How many floors of a house are allowed to be built?
During individual construction of a private house, it is allowed to build no more than 3 above ground floors. The basement floor is not intended to accommodate living rooms if the height of its upper floor is less than 2 m above ground level. If its height is higher than 2 meters above ground level, then such a base is equivalent to above-ground floors.
Attention: Do not confuse the height of the upper floor above the ground level and the height of the basement floor itself!
If the basement floor ends at a height below 2 m above ground level, but its height exceeds 2 meters, it can be used for economic and technical purposes. If the basement floor is used for a garage, its ceilings and walls must be made of fire-resistant materials.
Often the developer himself cannot accurately calculate the area of the house being built, then it is determined using SP 54.13330.2011
It is worth remembering that when determining the total area of the house, the areas of balconies, loggias and staircases are also summed up. But the area of unheated utility rooms, underground and attic is not taken into account.
Water supply
There are certain rules not only in relation to private households, but also to villages in general. The village must have drinking water, and an area equipped around it, in accordance with sanitary standards. According to legal standards, a person cannot use more than 50 liters of water per day if he consumes water from a well for public use. Also, the norms for water consumption in the village are prescribed. The consumption rate increases from 125 liters to 160 liters, in the presence of a central water supply and sewerage system. For watering plants in a holiday village, the daily norm is from 3 liters to 15 liters per square meter per day.
Autonomous devices such as boilers, heaters and convectors. The norms for gas supply in a garden community or at a summer cottage can be centralized or autonomous. But in any case, certain requirements must be met. Gas cylinders for autonomous gas supply must be stored in a specially equipped room. It is prohibited to keep cylinders with a capacity of more than 12 liters in the garden. For large volume cylinders there are special storage requirements.
Garage for the plot
For the construction of a garage, there are also individual housing construction standards. According to the law, special permits are not required to build a garage on your own site. But there are certain norms that must be followed. According to individual housing construction standards, a garage is an outbuilding. Therefore, the construction of a garage is permitted one meter from the fence on the garden plot. But at the same time, there must be at least 6 meters from your garage to the nearest neighboring building. If there are no nearby buildings on the neighbors’ property, then there are no obstacles to building a garage. Why exactly 6 meters - such a distance from the garage to the nearest buildings is due to fire safety measures. When one object catches fire, the fire can spread to another, and for a garage, this is even more important. Let's summarize - we measured 6 meters from the nearest neighbor's building and a meter from the fence, and we can begin building the garage.
How are heights measured?
This question is followed by related questions. What are absolute and relative heights? Why are there triangulation signs on the peaks? When was height first determined? What does "above sea level" mean? Does this level fluctuate? How is altitude measured from airplanes? What are command points?
Displaying the area in a reduced form on diagrams and maps, people have always paid attention to the mountains. They were noticeable and necessary landmarks. The geographical map did not appear immediately: it survived its development from clay, parchment, and birch bark samples to perfect cartographic models. At first, much depended on the draftsman, his sense of space, and his ability to mentally view the Earth from above. The mathematical reliability of the relief, of course, was absent.
Over time, the profession of renter appeared. We used a measuring cord, a measuring wheel, and a compass. In the 16th century, prototypes of measuring geodetic instruments were invented - scales, theodolite, then range finders and levels. Physicists helped measure the height of the mountain, or, as topographers say, “take vertical marks.”
Blaise Pascal asked his acquaintances in Clermont to climb Mount Puy de Dome with a mercury tube. The scientist’s assumption was confirmed at altitude: the mercury column dropped. Since then, it has become common to measure the height of the area using a mercury barometer. Instruments appeared for determining altitude by the temperature of boiling water vapor: hypsometer, thermobarometer, hypsothermometer. The principle of operation is this: as you rise, the air pressure decreases. At the same time, the boiling point of water also decreases - approximately 0 degree per 0.27 mm of mercury. According to the tables, atmospheric pressure is indicated, and the altitude of the area is determined from it.
This is, one might say, a “field” method. But not every peak is so easy to climb to take measurements. And in the 17th century, the Dutch astronomer Snellius proposed a triangulation method, when heights are determined “from the side,” using reference points. This method is also used for topographic surveys from aircraft and artificial satellites.
The heights of the peaks began to be distinguished: absolute - from sea level and relative - from the foot of the mountain, from the underlying plain. It is clear that the absolute heights of mountains are always greater than the relative ones. For the unity of the measurement system in geographical science, it is customary to count these measurements from the level of the World Ocean. So, after indicating the height, a noticeable prefix “above sea level” appeared, or if it is not there, then it is simply implied. But the ebbs and flows are known. Sea levels are not constant: they began to be distinguished: instantaneous, tidal, average daily, average annual, average long-term. This latter, according to international agreements, has become the most stable in order to “link” the height of the mountains to it.
It is clear that many peaks and ridges in the oceans that do not reach the surface are measured differently. This highest seamount was discovered in 1953 near the Tonga Trench off New Zealand. It rises from the seabed to 8690 m, and its peak is 365 m below the surface of the water. And if we start not from sea level, but measure the height from the underwater base, then the tallest mountain in the world turns out to be Mauna Kea (“White Mountain”) on the Hawaiian Islands. Its total height is 10,203 m, of which only 4,205 m are above sea level.
in memory. More about memory cha
How to get readings
1. In order to
Altimeter from Current mode
any measurement mode, using
"WITH". At the same time I will automatically start
height measurements.
The watch will automatically start measuring
displaying readings on the screen.
Before the first altitude readings
screen, four or five seconds will pass
2. If you want to get on screen
heights and a graph whose contents
updated regularly, please leave
found every day
every two minutes
relative height based on the installation made. Altimeter function also
turn on
called the base height.
The clock measures the atmospheric pressure at a point
ISA table of values (international standard
atmosphere), convert the measured value into
Relative height
atmospheric
tion, relatively
building height,
carry out installation
height measurements (eg
height, without
records this value
"Saving data
time or
press the button
will appear on
n.d.
doesn't matter
clock in mode
Click
azone from –700
to another mode.
Types of data records
will be updated regularly and these changes will be included in the schedule
you, located at the top of the screen.
mania:
This section provides a procedure for simply displaying the current
includes recording data into memory and sound signals - warning
to the curved height.
mania:
Your watch estimates altitude based on atmospheric pressure. This
read the owls section
means that altitude readings for the same location may vary,
if the atmospheric pressure changes.
The watch has built-in semiconductor pressure sensors that react
temperature change. When measuring, be sure to
I'm tall
set the watch to
provide conditions under which the clock is not subject to sudden changes
temperature.
To avoid sudden changes in temperature, wear your watch so
so that when measuring they are on your wrist in direct
contact with skin.
sty in sports competitions
Do not use the watch while studying
there is a sudden change in height, for example, when exercising
exercises: parachute jumping, hang gliding, flying
single-seat helicopters, etc.
Do not use the watch for measurements that require professional or
industrial level precision.
Remember that the air inside the aircraft is under pressure, so
readings obtained on the plane may not be accurate.
How is height measured?
The altimeter determines the altitude using its own built-in table or based on
the value you set in advance
Altimeter.
e transition to
first three minutes after
altimeter on screen
kator AST and measurements about
is declared, and measurements are taken
Absolute altitude
your location and using the built-in
equivalent height.
After you install
altitude, the clock converts
at this height in value
further
In order to determine in
set the base height to 0 m on the ground floor. However,
you have the basic
pressure
pay attention
that you will not get accurate readings if the building is equipped
air conditioning.
When climbing to the top of a mountain, you can
reference height using other sources
signage or map). After you do this, the readings
altitude given by the watch will be more accurate than the reading obtained without
setting the base height.
Altitude readings
to get altitude readings you can use the procedure
anna in this section. If you leave the watch in Altimeter mode, the
Any time
measurements again
3. In order to
Altimeter
Notes
Usually indications
transformations.
You can press the "C" button to start
Tan measure the altitude and take the clock out of mode
on the "D" button.
calculated using built-in tables
you can optionally enter a base height. (cm.
ate "How to set the base height").
The display information changes in 5 meter (20 ft) increments per range.
to 0.000 meters (–2,300 to 32,800 feet).
If the measured value is outside the permissible range,
eq will not display "---- m". As soon as the height is in range
acceptable values, the normal display will be restored on the screen.
Under certain atmospheric conditions and also in case of installation
be negative
certain reference height, the measured height can
You can change the units of height readings between meters and
feet. Read about this in the section “How to choose units of measurement”
atmospheric pressure, temperature and altitude."
Altimeter memory
This section describes how height measurement data is recorded into memory.
wa their hours. When you start a recording session, measurements continue to be taken
indicator flashes on the screen R.E.C.), even if the clock has passed
Altimeter
A recording session creates three types of altitude data in memory: periodic recordings (up to
40 pcs.), current saving session, and history recording.
Periodic entries
Women's measurements
1. Neck circumference
2. Bust
3. Waist
4. Hip circumference
5. Girth at the length of the product
Mark the position of the length of the blouse horizontally on the body with tape, braid, or a belt. Place the measuring tape around your torso at the length of your blouse. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
6. Bicep circumference
7. Forearm circumference at 3/4 sleeve length
The tape runs 3-5 cm below the bend of the elbow (elbow), perpendicular to the forearm. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
8. Wrist circumference
9. Length of the shoulder slope
Measure the distance from the point at the base of the neck to the point where the shoulder slope meets the shoulder (you can use the location of the shirt sleeve seam as a rough guide).
10. Sleeve length
11. Chest height
Measure the distance from the base of your neck to the fullest point of your chest.
12. Center of the chest
Place the tape horizontally, measure the distance between the two most protruding points of the chest.
13. Chest width
Place the tape horizontally 2-3 cm above the front corners of the armpits and measure this distance. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
14. Back width
15. Back length to waist
Mark the waist line horizontally on the torso. Place the tape at the back of the neck (spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra) and measure along the spine to the waist.
Men's measurements
1. Neck circumference
Measured at the base of the neck. Wrap the ribbon around your neck so that the lower edge of the ribbon passes through the base of the neck at the back and closes above the jugular cavity at the front. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
2. Bust
Wrap the tape around your chest so that the tape runs horizontally across the most protruding points of your chest. On the back, the tape is applied to the shoulder blades. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
3. Shoulder shape
4. Waist circumference
Place the tape horizontally around your torso at waist level. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
5. Hip circumference
When measuring the hips, the tape should run horizontally at the widest part of the hips, across the most protruding points of the abdomen in front and the buttocks in the back. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
6. Bicep circumference
Wrap the tape around your bicep at its widest point. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body. The hand should be in a relaxed state.
7. Wrist circumference
Wrap the tape around your wrist at the wrist joint. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
8. Sleeve length
A) With your arm slightly bent, measure the distance from where your shoulder slopes to your shoulder to where you think the long sleeve of your shirt should end.
b) Measure the distance from where the shoulder slope meets the shoulder to where you think the short sleeve of the shirt should end.
9. Chest width
Measure the distance between the front corners of the armpits. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
10.Back width
Place the tape horizontally across your back and measure the distance between the back corners of your armpits. When measuring, the tape should fit snugly (but without tension) to the body.
11. Back length
Place the tape at the back of your neck and measure the desired length.
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